Table 1.
Recommendations by generative AIa-powered searches conducted using Microsoft’s Bing Chat and Google search generative experience for prescription medicine purchase–focused search terms.
| Indication (ATC code)b and APIc and proprietary name | Bing | ||||||||||||||
|
|
Links provided (n=136), n | Legitimate pharmacy (n=35), n | Rogue pharmacy (n=18), n | Links provided (n=126), n | Legitimate pharmacy (n=47), n | Rogue pharmacy (n=24), n | |||||||||
| Prescription-only medications | |||||||||||||||
|
|
Penicillin with extended spectrum (J01CA04) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Amoxicillin | 10 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 5 | |||||||
|
|
|
Amoxil | 10 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 4 | |||||||
|
|
Proton pump inhibitor (A02BC01) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Omeprazole | 13 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 | |||||||
|
|
|
Prilosec | 11 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 6 | |||||||
|
|
Glucagon-like peptide-1analogue (A10BJ06) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Semaglutide | 13 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 5 | 2 | |||||||
|
|
|
Ozempic | 12 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 3 | |||||||
|
|
Drug used in erectile dysfunction (G04BE03) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Sildenafil | 11 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 0 | |||||||
|
|
|
Viagra | 12 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 0 | |||||||
| Controlled substances | |||||||||||||||
|
|
Anxiolytic (N05BA12) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Alprazolam | 10 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 1 | 0 | |||||||
|
|
|
Xanax | 10 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
|
|
Phenylpiperidine derivative (N02AB03) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Fentanyl | 12 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
|
|
|
Duragesic | 12 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
aAI: artificial intelligence.
bATC code: Classification of the substance according to the World Health Organization’s anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) system, table indicates level-4 ATC terminology based on the ATC/DDD (defined daily dose) index.
cAPI: active pharmaceutical ingredient name.