Table 2.
Hazard ratios comparing postoperative opioid use for 90-day outcomes among older Medicare beneficiaries
| Comparisons | 90-day All-cause SAE | 90-day Composite SAE |
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CLs) | HR (95% CLs) | |
| Tramadol vs Oxycodone (reference) | ||
| Unadjusted | 1.34* (1.17, 1.53) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) |
| Intention-to-Treat | 1.19* (1.02, 1.41) | 1.12 (0.78, 1.64) |
| Per-Protocol | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.35) |
| Tramadol vs Hydrocodone (reference) | ||
| Unadjusted | 1.69* (1.38, 2.06) | 1.15 (0.72, 1.83) |
| Intention-to-Treat | 1.40* (1.10, 1.76) | 1.19 (0.69, 2.04) |
| Per-Protocol | 1.34* (1.03, 1.75) | 1.63 (0.90, 2.95) |
Notes: Average hazard ratio from pooled logistic regression model presented with 95% CL estimated using robust standard errors. Outcome definitions for SAEs are listed in Additional Table 4
Abbreviations: ED emergency department, SAE serious adverse events, HR hazard ratio, CLs confidence limits
*p-value < 0.05