Table 5:
Assessing the Association between School-Level Opportunities to Participate in Athletics and Athletic Opportunities for Girls.
| School-Level Opportunities | Number of Sports (Girls)1 |
Number of Sport Teams (Girls)1 |
Girls Sport Participation Rate1 |
Sport Participation Gender Equity Ratio1 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Sports (Girls) | Model 1: n = NA | Model 2: n = 128852 | Model 3: n = 128712 | Model 4: n = 128332 | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| -- -- | -- | 1.25*** (.006) | 0.671 | .025*** (.001) | 0.404 | .004* (.001) | 0.015 | |
| Number of Sport Teams (Girls) | Model 5: n = 128852 | Model 6: n = NA | Model 7: n = 128672 | Model 8: n = 128292 | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| .391*** (.002) | 0.762 | -- -- | -- | .014*** (.0001) | 0.443 | .004*** (.0003) | 0.089 | |
| Girls Sport Participation Rate | Model 9: n = 128712 | Model 10: n = 128672 | Model 11: n = NA | Model 12: n = 128352 | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| 6.33*** (.073) | 0.435 | 11.7*** (.130) | 0.42 | -- -- | -- | .400*** (.028) | 0.091 | |
| Sport Participation Gender Equity Ratio | Model 13: n = 128332 | Model 14: n = 128292 | Model 15: n = 128352 | Model 16: n = NA | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| −.001 (.013) | 0.010 | .954*** (.080) | 0.057 | .010*** (.001) | 0.056 | -- -- | -- | |
| Number of Sports (Girls)1 |
Number of Sport Teams (Girls)1 |
Girls Sport Participation Rate1 |
Sport Participation Gender Equity Ratio1 |
|||||
| Number of Sports (Boys) | Model 17: n = 128882 | Model 18: n = 128842 | Model 19: n = 128702 | Model 20: n = 128322 | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| .917*** (.002) | 0.921 | 1.16*** (.007) | 0.617 | .024*** (.001) | 0.380 | −.008*** (.001) | −0.028 | |
| Number of Sport Teams ( Boys ) | Model 21: n = 128852 | Model 22: n = 128842 | Model 23: n = 128672 | Model 24: n = 128292 | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| .344*** (.002) | 0.697 | .877*** (.002) | 0.925 | .012*** (.0001) | 0.395 | −.006*** (.001) | −0.044 | |
| Boys Sport Participation Rate | Model 25: n = 128712 | Model 26: n = 128672 | Model 27: n = 128642 | Model 28: n = 128352 | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| 4.98*** (.066) | 0.363 | 9.48*** (.115) | 0.368 | .700*** (.002) | 0.764 | −.359*** (.025) | −0.086 | |
| Sport Participation Gender Equity Ratio | Model 29: n = NA | Model 30: n = NA | Model 31: n = NA | Model 32: n = NA | ||||
| b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | b (SE) | β | |
| -- -- | -- | -- -- | -- | -- -- | -- | -- -- | -- | |
p<.05,
p<.01,
p<.001; SE = Standard Error; b = unstandardized beta coefficient; β = Standardized beta coefficient; NA/-- = not applicable due to the outcome and covariate being identical or a redundant analysis.
All analysis control for percent female, percent Non-White, percent eligible for free lunch, type of community, number of students, charter/magnet school status, special educational school status, geographic region, and school year. Standardized beta coefficients were estimated with Ordinary Least Squares regression (GEE does not produce standardized estimates).
Sample sizes vary due to missing values on either the outcome or covariates. All analyses use listwise deletion with respect to missing information on both athletic opportunities and school-level characteristics.