Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Intervention group | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Placebo | ||||
| n = 35 | n = 29 | ||||
| Women, n (%) | 24 | (68.6) | 19 | (65.5) | 0.80 |
| Age (years) | 36.4 | (14.4) | 33 | (13.0) | 0.33 |
| Educational level n (%) | |||||
| High school | 3 | (8.57) | 1 | (3.45) | 0.79 |
| College | 5 | (14.3) | 7 | (24.14) | |
| Technical/associate | 2 | (5.71) | 1 | (3.45) | |
| Professional | 21 | (60.0) | 17 | (58.6) | |
| Postgraduate | 4 | (11.4) | 3 | (10.3) | |
| Weight (kg) | 63.9 | (11.1) | 67.2 | (12.0) | 0.26 |
| Height (m) | 1.63 | (0.08) | 1.64 | (0.10) | 0.79 |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 | (3.14) | 24.9 | (3.07) | 0.20 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 108.2 | (12.2) | 111.2 | (11.7) | 0.31 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.5 | (6.99) | 78.4 | (7.02) | 0.10 |
| Heart rate | 73.9 | (11.3) | 78.6 | (8.85) | 0.07 |
| PSQI | 9.60 | (3.70) | 9.86 | (2.79) | 0.75 |
| Sleep quality | 1.77 | (0.60) | 1.83 | (0.54) | 0.70 |
| Sleep latency | 2.34 | (1.00) | 2.41 | (0.73) | 0.75 |
| Sleep duration | 1.46 | (0.92) | 1.52 | (0.78) | 0.78 |
| Sleep efficiency | 1.17 | (1.25) | 1.14 | (1.25) | 0.91 |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.17 | (0.57) | 1.24 | (0.44) | 0.59 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.00 | (0.77) | 1.21 | (0.90) | 0.32 |
| SF-36 score | |||||
| Physical functioning | 95.4 | (7.89) | 92.9 | (12.3) | 0.33 |
| Physical limitations | 91.4 | (23.4) | 81.9 | (31.3) | 0.18 |
| Emotional limitations | 72.4 | (39.2) | 67.0 | (42.7) | 0.74 |
| Energy | 56.7 | (18.6) | 55.0 | (18.9) | 0.72 |
| Emotional wellbeing | 70.4 | (16.9) | 71.5 | (14.8) | 0.80 |
| Social functioning | 79.6 | (18.5) | 82.3 | (19.6) | 0.58 |
| Pain | 84.0 | (16.7) | 75.9 | (20.9) | 0.09 |
| General health | 69.3 | (14.5) | 64.5 | (18.4) | 0.25 |
| Sleep latency (mean) | 24.1 | (26.4) | 33.6 | (31.3) | 0.19 |
| Total sleep time (min) | 383.2 | (55.4) | 370.4 | (50.8) | 0.35 |
| Sleep efficiency | 0.84 | (0.06) | 0.81 | (0.07) | 0.052 |
| Midsleep variability | 1.03 | (0.69) | 1.00 | (0.45) | 0.83 |
| Wake after sleep onset (minutes) | 53.1 | (12.9) | 55.5 | (14.9) | 0.49 |
| Salivary cortisol (nmol/L) | 7.15 | (3.99) | 6.60 | (4.27) | 0.61 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 120.1 | (70.3) | 103.6 | (27.1) | 0.24 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 18.1 | (6.33) | 16.4 | (5.28) | 0.26 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.91 | (0.28) | 0.85 | (0.26) | 0.38 |
| Aspartate amino transferase (U/L) | 14.4 | (13.7) | 12.6 | (12.5) | 0.57 |
| Alanine amino transferase (U/L) | 19.7 | (9.21) | 21.8 | (8.15) | 0.35 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.22 | (0.20) | 0.22 | (0.12) | 0.91 |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (mUI/L) | 2.58 | (1.59) | 2.67 | (1.98) | 0.85 |
Data are means (SD), unless indicated otherwise.