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. 2024 Apr 5;14(5):127. doi: 10.1007/s13205-024-03970-3

Table 2.

Some endophytic fungi metabolites and their DPPH radical scavenging activities

Antioxidant Methods Metabolites Endophytic fungi Plant source Habitat Plant part Isolation media/extraction solvent IC50 (µg/mL) Reference(s)
DPPH

i. Flavipin

ii. Epicoccolide A

iii. Epicoccolide B

iv. Epicocconone

v. 3Methoxyepicoccone

 Chaetomium globosum Panax notoginseng Terrestrial Seeds PDA/Ethyl acetate

i.3.7

ii.5.2

iii.11.6

iv.11.5

v.11.2

 (Li et al. 2016b)
Vitexin Dichotomopilus funicola Cajanus cajan Terrestrial Leaves PDA/Ethyl acetate 164 (Gu et al. 2018)
i.trichomerol ii.bisorbicillinolide Trichoderma citrinoviride Torreya grandis Terrestrial arils PDA/Ethyl acetate

i. 38.92

ii. 3.91

 (Kong et al. 2023)
mollicellin O Chaetomium sp. Eucalyptus exserta Terrestrial fruits PDA/Ethyl acetate 71.92 (Ouyang et al. 2018)
3-(2,6- dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyacrylic acid Penicillium oxalicum Peronema canescens Terrestrial leaves PDA/Ethyl acetate 31.33 (Elfita et al. 2022)

i. isovariecolorin I

ii.30-Hydroxyechinulin

iii. neoechinulin B

iv. neoechinulin C

v. alkaloid E-7

vi. didehydroechinulin

vii. echinulin

viii. dehydroechinulin

ix. variecolorin H

 Eurotium cristatum EN-220 Sargassum thunbergii Marine alga PDA/Ethyl acetate

i. 20.6

ii.28.5

iii.10.9

iv.12.1

v.10.1

vi.13.3

vii.13.8

viii.6.4

ix.18.7

 (Du et al. 2017)
DPPH

i. 2,2′,3,5′-Tetrahydroxy-3′-methylbenzophenone

ii. 2,2′,5′-Trihydroxy-3-methoxy-3′-methylbenzophenone

iii. 1,4,5-Trihydroxy-2-methylxanthone

iv. 1,4,7-Trihydroxy-6-methylxanthone

v.8-hydroxyconiothyrinone B

vi.4R,8-dihydroxyconiothyrinone B

vii.8,11-dihydroxyconiothyrinone B

viii.4S,8-dihydroxy-10-Omethyldendryol E

ix.4S,8-dihydroxyconiothyrinone B,

 Talaromyces islandicus EN-501 Laurencia okamurai Marine alga PDA/Ethyl acetate

i. 1.26

ii. 1.33

iii. 1.23

iv. 6.92

v. 12 µM

vi. 42

vii. 31

viii. 30

ix. 52

 (Li et al. 2016a)
Ascomindones A Ascomycota sp. SK2YWS-L Kandelia candel Mangrove leaves PDA/Ethyl acetate 18.1 µM (Tan et al. 2016)
( −)-(7S)-10-hydroxysydonic acid Aspergillus sp. xy02 Xylocarpus moluccensis Mangrove leaves PDA/Ethyl acetate 72.1 µM (Wang et al. 2018)
Phosphomolybdenum method Anofinic acid Aspergillus Tubingensis ASH Hyoscyamus muticus Terrestrial Whole plant Rice media/Ethyl acetate 111.66–880.66 mg AAE/g dry extract Elkhouly et al. 2021)
– Fusarium solani and other endophyte species Hibiscus sabdariffa Terrestrial Root, stem, and leaves PDA/Ethyl acetate and methanol 7.81 ± 0.07 mg/mL Fungal Extracts (Khalil et al. 2020)
Novel compounds with unidentified ms/ms data Epicoccum nigrum FAS-14 Thalassia hemprichii Marine Leaves Malt Agar and PDA/Ethyl acetate 813.5 mg AAE/g extract (Hamed et al. 2020)

i. 1,3- dicaffeoylquinic acid

ii. 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid

 Alternaria alternata Cynara scolymus L (artichoke) Terrestrial Leaves PDA and Cellulose/Glucose Czapek

i. 84.8 AAE/g DW

ii. 109.8 mg AAE/g DW

 (Nermien et al. 2018)
FRAP

isoelemicin (50.8%),

terpinen-4-ol (21.5%),

eucalyptol (24.3%),

oleic acid (19.8%) and

β-pinene (10.9%)

i)Macrophomina phaseolina

ii)Mycoleptodiscus indicus

 Gynura procumbens Terrestrial Whole plants PDA/Ethyl acetate and Methanol

(i) 239.9 mg Fe (II)/g

(ii) 44.7 mg Fe (II)/g

 (Jamal et al. 2022)

i. 3-amino-5-(3-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-4-methylphenol (halociline)

ii. 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (xanthone)

i)Penicillium citrinum E-346

ii)Aspergillus flavus RF-03

 Halocnemum strobilaceum Marine Whole plants Czapek Yeast Extract Agar/Ethyl acetate

(i)210.895 ± 2.440 μmol/L

(ii)58.487 ± 1.345 μmol/L

 (Abdel Razek et al. 2020)
Phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-; Arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl), ester; Silicic acid, diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) ester and butylated hydroxytoluene

(i)Grammothele fuligo,

(ii)Rigidoporus vinctus,

(iii)Pichia kudriavzevii,

(iv)Candida railenensis, and

(v)Cystobasidium minutum

 Green algae and Brown algae Marine Whole algae PDA/Ethyl acetate

(i) 40.88 μg/mL

(ii) 39.54 μg/mL

(iii) 44.27 μg/mL

(iv) 43.36 μg/mL

(v) 32.01 μg/mL

Ascorbic—21.78 μg/mL

 (Harikrishnan et al. 2021)
Echinulin and neoechinulin A

(i)Penicillium sect. Exilicaulis

(ii) Aspergillus chevalieri

 Halopteris scoparia Marine Whole weed PDA and Corn Meal Agar (CMA)/Ethyl acetate

(i) 452.8 μg/mL

(ii) 3256.1 μg/mL

 (Calado et al. 2021)
ORAC Echinulin and neoechinulin A

(i)Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti complex

(ii) Aspergillus chevalieri

(iii)Nigrospora oryzae

(iv)Diaporthe sp.

 Halopteris scoparia Marine Whole weed PDA and Corn Meal Agar (CMA)/Ethyl acetate

(i) 2579.9 μg/mL

(ii) 19,879.6 μg/mL

(iii) 2814.1 μg/mL

(iv)2823.0 μg/mL

 (Vitale et al. 2020) (Calado et al. 2021)
Fungal Polysaccharide Fusarium solani DO7 Dendrobium officinale Terrestrial Whole plant PDA/Ethyl acetate 650 µmol Trolox/g (Zeng et al. 2019a); (Zeng et al. 2019b)
adenine alkylresorcinol Lasiodiplodia sp. Houttuynia cordata Thunb Terrestrial Whole plant PDA/Ethyl acetate

4.31 µmol Trolox/g

2.95 µmol Trolox/g

4.25 µmol Trolox/g

 (Gao et al. 2016)
ABTS porphyrin derivatives Aspergillus species Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Terrestrial Leaves PDA/Ethyl acetate 866.86 ± 50.0 μM TE/mg extract (Elhosari et al. 2022)

i)chaetoglobosin F

i)isochaetoglobosin D ii)cytochalasin H

(i)Chaetomium globosum WQ

(ii)Phomopsis sp.

1)Imperata cylindrica

ii)Vatica mangachapoi

 Terrestrial Whole plant PDA/Ethyl acetate 59 mol trolox/mol Shen et al. 2014, 2015, 2020)
resveratrol

Arcopilus aureus

Fusarium equiseti,

Xylaria psidii

Fusarium solani

 Vitis vinifera Terrestrial Whole plant PDA/Ethyl acetate

IC50–0.28 μg/ml

0.82 μg/ml,

0.51 μg/ml, and 2.16 μg/ml

 (Dwibedi and Saxena 2019)
Culture filtrate dried powder (CFDP) Talaromyces assiutensis Avicennia marina Terrestrial root PDA/Ethyl acetate IC50–32.01 μg/mL (Mishra et al. 2021)
Fungi Extract (iii)Pichia kudriavzevii Green algae and Brown algae Marine Whole algae PDA/Ethyl acetate IC50–38.74 μg/mL (Harikrishnan et al. 2021)