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. 2024 Apr 5;15:2939. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47317-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Representative images of coronal mouse caudal endplate sections of L4/5 stained for SA-βGal (green) at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI or sham surgery (top). Representative immunofluorescent images of tdTom⁺ cells (red) and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI or sham surgery in p16^tdTom mice (bottom). Quantitative analysis of the number of SA-βGal⁺ cells (b) or tdTom⁺ cells (c) of a. d Representative immunofluorescent images of HMGB1⁺ cells (green) and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei in endplates at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI or sham surgery. e Quantified fluorescence intensity of HMGB1⁺ cells of d. f, g Relative expression of senescence pathway genes, Cdkn2a (p16), Trp53 (p53), and Cdkn1a (p21) (f) or typical SASP, II1b (IL-1β) and II6 (IL-6) in the endplates at 4 and 8 weeks after LSI or sham surgery. h Representative images of SA-βGal (green) staining (top) or tdTom⁺ cells (red) and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei (bottom) in 3-month-old or 20-month-old mice. i, j Quantitative analysis of h. k Representative immunofluorescent images of HMGB1⁺ cells (green) and DAPI (blue) staining of nuclei in 3-month-old or 20-month-old mice. l Quantified fluorescence intensity of k. Relative expression of senescence pathway genes (m) or typical SASP (n) in the endplates of 3-month-old or 20-month-old mice. Scale bars, 50 μm. n = 6 per group. Data are represented as means ± standard deviations, as determined by two-tailed Student’s t test or One-way ANOVA. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.