Figure S2. α-Defensin 1-3 exert bacterial agglutination alone and in combination with other antimicrobial peptides against E. coli strains.

At 3 h after co-incubations, SYTO9 (green, left) and propidium iodide (red, right) staining images were recorded under a 20X objective fluorescent lens. (A, B, C, D, E, F) Laboratory E. coli strain; K12 and (D, E, F) pyelonephritis strain uropathogenic E. coli; CFT073 displayed a time- and dose-dependent increase in agglutination of both all and membrane-damaged bacteria. (G, H, I) MDR58 demonstrated diminished bacterial damage and agglutination compared with other E. coli strains. (J) Visible agglutination (SYTO9) and membrane damage (PI) induced by 3 h of co-incubation with 10 μg/ml α-Defensin 1-3. (K) These effects were nulled when anti-α-Defensin 1-3 blocking antibody was added to the co-incubation. Images from staining were recorded under a 20X fluorescent microscope lens.