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. 2023 Nov 30;154(2):648–657. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.030

TABLE 3.

OR (95% CI) from crude and adjusted associations between sleep measures and exposures (ID/IDA and VDD/VDI)

ID1 IDA1 VDD2 VDI2
Short sleep duration
 Crude 1.22 (1.01, 1.49) 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) 1.72 (1.41, 2.09) 1.55 (1.35, 1.79)
 Adjusted 1.13 (0.92, 1.38) 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) 1.26 (1.02, 1.54) 1.22 (1.04, 1.44)
Prolonged sleep latency
 Crude 1.12 (0.77, 1.64) 1.13 (0.69, 1.86) 1.21 (0.95, 1.55) 1.22 (0.98, 1.50)
 Adjusted 1.04 (0.71, 1.55) 1.08 (0.64, 1.84) 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) 0.89 (0.65, 1.23)
Poor sleep quality
 Crude 1.23 (0.90, 1.70) 1.62 (1.02, 2.56) 0.96 (0.75, 1.22) 0.93 (0.77, 1.14)
 Adjusted 1.42 (1.02, 2.00) 2.08 (1.29, 3.38) 1.03 (0.78, 1.37) 1.02 (0.78, 1.34)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ID, iron deficiency; IDA, iron deficiency anemia; VDD, vitamin D deficiency; VDI, vitamin D inadequacy; OR: odds ratio.

1

Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, poverty–income ratio, educational level, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sedentary time, diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease.

2

Further adjusted for season, marital status, depression, heart disease, and vitamin D method indicator.