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. 2023 Oct 14;14(1):67–85. doi: 10.34172/apb.2024.018

Table 2. Few available patents on different techniques of transdermal drug delivery systems .

Therapeutic Moiety Technique utilized Invention References
Iron Iontophoresis An iontophoretic patch for transdermal delivery of a therapeutic amount of iron, wherein the patch comprises an electrode and reservoir that consists of a composition of ionic iron. 106
Insulin, human growth hormone Iontophoresis An effective method for transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents through the formation of microchannels and further delivery of the drugs by iontophoresis through these microchannels. 107
Steroids corticosteroids, analgesics or COX-2 inhibitors Microneedles The device includes a sheath bandage placed on the wrist to deliver high therapeutic local concentrations of an anti-inflammatory drug using microneedles that delivers the drug to the wrist joint tissues and the synovial cavity. 108
Pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and/or nutraceuticals Microneedles in combination with iontophoresis or electroporation An active transdermal patch driven by a programmable processor allows for the application of a combination of energy sources that propel the delivery of drugs with synergistic permeation techniques. Thus, it enhances the permeability of small and large molecules together with providing a controlled transdermal drug delivery system. 109
Viral vectors, DNA, chemicals, drugs and/or proteins Electroporation A pulsed electrical energy source creates a cold plasma, wherein the cold plasma bears a pulsed electrical energy field that results in a controlled state for electroporation in the target cells. Subsequently, the enhancement of permeability of the cell membrane allows the entry of the drug or chemical into the target cells. 110
Neurotoxin Ultrasonic energy An active portion of the botulinum toxin, like the light chain fragment of botulinum toxin serotype A can be delivered for facilitating the disruption of the neurogenic activity of the promoters of syndromes that have an underlying neurogenic constituent. When the light chain fragment of botulinum toxin is applied in the presence of an electric field or ultrasonic energy, it results increase in the permeability of target cell wall that induces reversible pore formation of the cell membrane and effective delivery of the light chain fragment to the catalytic surroundings of the cell cytosol. 111
Serotonin receptor antagonists e.g., ondansetron, palonosetron Microneedle This invention describes a microinjection that comprises a microneedle array and a serotonin receptor antagonist formulation which includes ondansetron or palonosetron containing formulations for the treatment of nausea or vomiting. 112
Guanethidine Iontophoresis An iontophoretic delivery system for the denervation of the renal sympathetic nerve. The device included a catheter fixed with a drug coated balloon. The operation of the drug-delivery catheter creates an electric potential gradient within the adjacent tissue, which subsequently promotes iontophoretic delivery of the drug. 113
Preferred therapeutic agents are calcitonin, desmopressin, goserelin, leuprolide, vasopressin, buserelin, triptorelin, interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon gamma, glucagon, LHRH, LHRH growth, FSH, EPO, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-10, releasing factor and analogues. Microprotrusions Invention is around a device and method for the delivery of potent therapeutic agent through SC of mammal by coating a plurality of SC-piercing microprotrusions. 114
Rivastigmine, fentanyl and rotigotine. Transdermal Patch Invention describes the transdermal delivery of tertiary amine drugs for extended period of time, i.e., for 3 days, 7 days or more. 115
Analgesics, anti-arthritic, anti-asthmatic, anti-convulsants, anti-depressants, anti-dotes, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, etc. Transdermal patch Invention pronounces the development of transdermal patch plus microneedle-based arrays including a combination of energy sources (viz., heat, sound and electricity) such as iontophoresis or electroporation to enhance the skin permeation of small as well as large molecules for local and systemic delivery of drugs. 116