Table 2.
Medicinal flora of the upper Kharmang District Indo-Pak border, Western Himalayas, Pakistan.
| Botanical Name | Family | Voucher Number | Habit | Local Name (B, Balti, S Shina) | Part(s) used | Drug formulation | Disease(s) treated | ΣUR | UV | RFC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acantholimon lycopodioides (Girard) Boiss | Plumbaginaceae | HUP-14429 | H | Lonzay (B/S) | Whole Plant | Ash | Heart diseases | 108 | 0.77 | 0.46 |
| Aconitum rotundifolium Kar. & Kir. | Ranunculaceae | HUP-14419 | H | Buma (B/S) | Flower | Tea | Cough | 123 | 0.88 | 0.24 |
| Amaranthus hybridus L. | Amaranthaceae | HUP-14397 | S | Snew; Kuno (B/S) | Leaves | Cooked | Digestive disorders | 134 | 0.96 | 0.56 |
| Arnebia euchroma I.M.Johnst. | Boraginaceae | HUP-14408 | H | Marsee (B) | Root, stem | Root oil solution | Eye Disorders | 132 | 0.94 | 0.91 |
| Artemesia absinthum | Asteraceae | HUP-14418 | H | Khampa (B) | whole plant | Tea | Vermifuge | 123 | 0.88 | 0.25 |
| Artemisia rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng. | Asteraceae | HUP-14402 | S | Kar Burstae (B) | whole plant | Decoction | Digestive disorders | 123 | 0.88 | 0.47 |
| Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don | Asparagaceae | HUP-14436 | H | Chaaray bustee (B) | Leaves | Decoction | Digestive disorders | 78 | 0.56 | 0.47 |
| Astragalus rhizanthus Benth. | Fabaceae | HUP-14417 | S | Bezii chuu (B); Tropo kuno (S) | The root | Raw | Teeth pain | 123 | 0.88 | 0.51 |
| Bergenia stracheyi (Hook.f. & Thomson) Engl. | Saxifragaceae | HUP-14411 | H | Shaapull (B) | Root | Powder | Digestive ulcer | 108 | 0.77 | 0.79 |
| Betula utilis D.Don | Betulaceae | HUP-14421 | T | Staaq Pa (B) | Bark | Raw | Bone fracture and joint dislocation | 111 | 0.79 | 0.82 |
| Biebersteinia odora Royle. | Biebersteiniaceae | HUP-14415 | H | Chondol (B) | Flower | Tea | Vision problems | 123 | 0.88 | 0.78 |
| Capparis spinosa L. | Capparidaceae | HUP-14427 | S | Traba (B) | Leaves | Decoction | Diabetes, joints disorders, antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial effects. | 98 | 0.70 | 0.38 |
| Carum carvi L. | Apiaceae | HUP-14495 | H | Dray shamdun (B); Yatrili folao (S) | Flower and Seeds | Tea | Fever and cough | 12 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
| Chenopodium foliosum Asch. | Chenopodiaceae | HUP-14491 | H | Suyaro (S) | Aerial part | Decoction | Tumours, as antioxidant and immune stimulant. | 33 | 0.24 | 0.08 |
| Cicer microphyllum Royle ex Benth. | Fabaceae | HUP-14426 | H | Carii (B); Khokuni (S) | Leaves and berries | Raw | Leaves and berries are edible, to cure digestive problem | 111 | 0.79 | 0.37 |
| Cortia depressa (D.Don) C.Norman | Apiaceae | HUP-14432 | H | Sathing samdun (B) | Aerial part | Tea | Stomach pain, asthma, cholesterol, antioxidant, | 98 | 0.70 | 0.78 |
| Corydalis adiantifolia Hook.f. & Thomson | Fumariaceae | HUP-14393 | H | Maqshang (B) | Flower | Tea | Stomach pain, tuberculosis, asthma, cold | 179 | 1.28 | 0.99 |
| Cotoneaster nummularius Brandis. | Rosaceae | HUP-14439 | S | Sonum chespa (B) | Roots | Tea | Blood pressure | 23 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
| Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. | Dryopteridaceae | HUP-14493 | H | Thangshing Stwa | Leaves | Decoction | Blood pressure and Cholesterol | 23 | 0.16 | 0.09 |
| Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soó | Orchidaceae | HUP-14410 | H | Chu Stwa | Tuberous Root | Decoction, Dry powder | Sexual disorders, dysentery, diarrhoea, chronic fever | 109 | 0.78 | 0.46 |
| Datura stramonium Thunb. | Solanaceae | HUP-14405 | H | Datura (B) Daturoo (S) | whole plant | Paste | Anti-inflammatory, Skin disease | 56 | 0.40 | 0.49 |
| Delphinium brunonianum Royle | Ranunculaceae | HUP-14582 | H | Mokhooting (B) | Aerial part | Tea | Pneumonia, stomach pain, Headache, asthma, cholesterol, | 232 | 1.66 | 1.00 |
| Delphinium cashmerianum Royle | Ranunculaceae | HUP-14404 | H | Mokhooting (B) | Aerial part | Tea | Stomach pain, Headache, | 134 | 0.96 | 0.91 |
| Echinops cornigerus DC./ | Asteraceae | HUP-14608 | H | Xoq Pilli (B); Bonser (S) | The Flower | Tea | Digestive disorder, blood pressure | 45 | 0.32 | 0.13 |
| Elaeagnus angustifolia Blanco | Elaeagnaceae | HUP-14428 | H | Saarsing (B) | Fruits | Tea | Cough, asthma | 54 | 0.39 | 0.16 |
| Elaeagnus rhamnoides | Elaeagnaceae | HUP-14398 | S | Karfo xoq (B) | Roots | Tea | Digestive disorders | 56 | 0.40 | 0.16 |
| Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Klotzsch & Garcke | Ephedraceae | HUP-14629 | S | Sxeepat (B); Soom (S) | Leaves and berries | Powder and Paste | Asthma, Pimples on skin | 128 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss. | Euphorbiaceae | HUP-14394 | S | Tetri (B) | Leaves | Paste | Snake bite, highly toxic, anti-bacterial | 133 | 0.95 | 0.64 |
| Gentiana tianschanica Rupr. | Gentianaceae | HUP-14416 | H | Ponal (B) Poonar (S) | Flower | Decoction | Eyes nourishment | 123 | 0.88 | 0.69 |
| Heracleum pinnatum C.B. Clarke | Apiaceae | HUP-14492 | S | Spishoo (B)(S) | Seed, leaves | Raw | Inflammation, fever, abdominal cramps | 32 | 0.23 | 0.06 |
| Hyoscyamus pusillus L. | Solanaceae | HUP-14412 | H | Lang tang (B); Lakani (S) | whole plant | Paste and decoction | Seductive, anti-bacterial | 126 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
| Impatiens brachycentra Kar. & Kir. | Balsaminaceae | HUP-14400 | H | Sermo sing (B) | Leaves | Paste | Colour hand | 102 | 0.73 | 0.32 |
| Iris lactea Pall. | Iridaceae | HUP-14430 | H | Trasma (B) | Leaves | Constipation | 11 | 0.08 | 0.13 | |
| Juniperus communis L. | Cupressaceae | HUP-14424 | S | Shupa (B); Chilii (S) | Branches | Skin pimples | 56 | 0.40 | 0.86 | |
| Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. | Cupressaceae | HUP-14395 | T | Shupa (B); Chilii (S) | Seed | Paste | Urinary disorders, Ulcer | 56 | 0.40 | 0.29 |
| Leonurus cardiaca L. | Lamiaceae | HUP-14586 | H | Kararaxchee (B) | Decoction | Antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity | 45 | 0.32 | 0.14 | |
| Lepidium latifolium L. | Brassicaceae | HUP-14614 | H | Kronbu (B) | Leaves | Decoction | Malnutrition disorders | 45 | 0.32 | 0.09 |
| Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Schult. | Caprifoliaceae | HUP-14406 | S | Saaid (B) | Fruits | Raw | Heart burn | 98 | 0.70 | 0.43 |
| Mentha longifolia L. | Lamiaceae | HUP-14407 | H | Phololing(B) | Leaves | Decoction | Gastrointestinal disorders, vomiting, diarrhoea | 129 | 0.92 | 0.24 |
| Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv (L.) Desv. | Tamaricaceae | HUP-14413 | S | Umboo (B) | Branches | Skin pimples | 34 | 0.24 | 0.56 | |
| Nepeta floccosa Benth. | Lamiaceae | HUP-14585 | H | Braq Samik (B) | Leaves | Powder | Cough, cold, malaria | 45 | 0.32 | 0.23 |
| Oxyria digyna Hill | Polygonaceae | HUP-14420 | H | Squrbo (B) | Leaves | Paste | Hepatitis, Bones regenerative from fractures | 122 | 0.87 | 0.91 |
| Peganum harmala L. | Zygophyllaceae | HUP-14403 | S | Isman (B); Mekhobi (S) | The seed | Smoke | Digestive disorders | 12 | 0.09 | 0.24 |
| Physochlaina praealta (Decne.) Miers | Solanaceae | HUP-14396 | H | Lang tang (B); Lakani (S) | whole plant | Tea and Paste | Highly allergic and seductive, vermifuge, as anti-bacterial, anti-septic | 118 | 0.84 | 0.89 |
| Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks. | Pinaceae | HUP-14631 | T | ThangShing (B) | whole plant | Skin rashes | 104 | 0.74 | 0.32 | |
| Hymenolaena candollei DC. | Apiaceae | HUP-14630 | H | Shamdun (B) | Aerial part | Tea | Stomach pain, asthma, cholesterol, antioxidant, | 189 | 1.35 | 0.99 |
| Rheum webbianum Royle | Polygonaceae | HUP-14399 | S | Khakhol (B); Markosell (S) | Leaves | Paste | antiseptic, to cure pain in tooth | 112 | 0.80 | 0.56 |
| Ribes orientale Desf. | Glossulariaceae | HUP-14579 | S | Askutta (B; Hargilee hummamil (S) | Whole plant | Ash | Anti-inflammation, rabies, skin infections, | 135 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
| Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Royle | Rosaceae | HUP-14611 | S | Sia Marpo (B) | Whole plant | Decoction and tea | Inflammation of liver, Jaundices and hepatitis | 132 | 0.94 | 0.94 |
| Rumex patientia L. | Polygonaceae | HUP-14433 | H | Shooma (B) | Leaves | Decoction and Paste | back pain, knee pain, purgative | 65 | 0.46 | 0.16 |
| Seriphidium brevifolium (Wall. ex DC.) Ling & Y.R. Ling | Asteraceae | HUP-14583 | S | Bursay (B) | Aerial | Tea | Headache, as vermifuge, digestive disorders | 170 | 1.21 | 0.98 |
| Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. | Rosaceae | HUP-14434 | T | Dranmo khushuu (B) | Leaves | Paste | Antiseptic, anti-bacterial | 45 | 0.32 | 0.09 |
| Eriophyton tibeticum (Vatke) Ryding | Lamiaceae | HUP-14401 | S | Yaqq zass (B) | whole plant | Decoction | Mental disorders, fever, headache and to relieve tension. | 102 | 0.73 | 0.23 |
| Tanacetum artemisioides Sch.Bip. ex Hook.f | Asteraceae | HUP-14425 | S | Karfoo bustee (B) | whole plant | Tea | Blood pressure and use as vermifuge | 102 | 0.73 | 0.72 |
| Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund | Asteraceae | HUP-14409 | H | Khorma (B) Lakanii (S) | Whole plant | Decoction | Blood pressure | 128 | 0.91 | 0.89 |
| Thymus linearis Benth. | Lamiaceae | HUP-14598 | H | Tumbo Ruuk (B)Tumoro (S) | whole plant | Tea | Digestive disorders. Fever, asthma, and Cough | 204 | 1.46 | 1.00 |
| Tribulus pentandrus Forssk. | Zygophyllaceae | HUP-14437 | H | Kukul ding (B) | Spines | Crushed | Urinary disorders | 78 | 0.56 | 0.46 |
| Trifolium pinnatum | Fabaceae | HUP-14414 | H | Ol (B) | Flower | Tea | Cough, asthma, lungs disorders | 102 | 0.73 | 0.40 |
| Urtica dioica L. | Urticaceae | HUP-143431 | H | Xchaaxceer (B) | Leaves | Raw | Allergy-inducing | 99 | 0.71 | 0.70 |
| Verbascum thapsus L. | Scrophulariaceae | HUP-14435 | S | Tambaku (B); Rome Katoo (S) | Leaves and flower | Decoction | Skin infections, pulmonary problems, inflammatory diseases, asthma, spasmodic coughs | 79 | 0.56 | 0.46 |