Table 2.
Selected nutrient intake of participants across tertiles of dietary PRAL and NEAP.
| Variables | Tertiles of dietary PRAL | Tertiles of dietary NEAP | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | p-value | T1 | T2 | T3 | p-value | |
| Energy (kcal/day)b | 1076.74 ± 469.20 | 1300.91 ± 428.03 | 1591.88 ± 459.59 | < 0.001 | 1224.10 ± 510.51 | 1399.87 ± 499.24 | 1345.55 ± 472.41 | 0.042 |
| Protein (g/d) | 43.53 ± 5.42 | 49.11 ± 7.98 | 57.23 ± 10.87 | < 0.001 | 44.00 ± 7.26 | 50.40 ± 9.65 | 55.48 ± 9.72 | < 0.001 |
| Fat (g/d) | 38.75 ± 9.10 | 36.15 ± 9.44 | 36.82 ± 11.81 | 0.183 | 39.62 ± 9.63 | 37.92 ± 10.64 | 34.19 ± 9.68 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 202.86 ± 20.16 | 201.07 ± 21.38 | 187.36 ± 36.05 | < 0.001 | 200.69 ± 20.85 | 195.62 ± 26.03 | 194.91 ± 34.33 | 0.285 |
| Total fiber (g/d) | 8.26 ± 2.26 | 7.04 ± 1.95 | 7.02 ± 5.62 | 0.028 | 8.46 ± 2.32 | 7.11 ± 1.94 | 6.76 ± 5.54 | 0.003 |
| SFA (g/d) | 9.40 ± 2.81 | 9.09 ± 3.25 | 9.94 ± 4.54 | 0.259 | 9.72 ± 3.08 | 9.53 ± 3.86 | 9.18 ± 3.87 | 0.570 |
| PUFA (g/d) | 13.20 ± 4.59 | 12.36 ± 4.81 | 11.55 ± 6.21 | 0.093 | 13.73 ± 5.10 | 12.94 ± 5.33 | 10.45 ± 4.90 | < 0.001 |
| MUFA (g/d) | 11.49 ± 3.53 | 10.03 ± 3.43 | 10.60 ± 4.67 | 0.035 | 11.47 ± 3.62 | 10.95 ± 4.44 | 9.72 ± 3.58 | 0.006 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 112.38 ± 29.32 | 104.60 ± 22.95 | 102.28 ± 29.04 | 0.027 | 118.69 ± 28.99 | 109.41 ± 21.06 | 91.21 ± 24.62 | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 4.04 ± 1.04 | 4.44 ± 1.19 | 4.95 ± 1.65 | < 0.001 | 4.38 ± 1.18 | 4.64 ± 1.34 | 4.43 ± 1.56 | 0.360 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 9.41 ± 1.84 | 9.75 ± 2.36 | 10.15 ± 3.34 | 0.143 | 9.45 ± 2.09 | 9.50 ± 1.96 | 10.35 ± 3.41 | 0.027 |
| Selenium (μg/d) | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.28 | 0.067 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.28 | 0.166 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 2.18 ± 1.64 | 2.02 ± 2.44 | 1.82 ± 1.72 | 0.448 | 2.26 ± 2.09 | 2.11 ± 2.40 | 1.66 ± 1.15 | 0.082 |
| Vitamin A (RE/d) | 344.02 ± 327.43 | 271.23 ± 159.48 | 331.15 ± 482.81 | 0.306 | 359.06 ± 329.53 | 253.80 ± 151.69 | 333.36 ± 480.74 | 0.093 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 43.14 ± 26.01 | 35.17 ± 27.92 | 25.36 ± 21.83 | < 0.001 | 45.16 ± 26.72 | 34.11 ± 29.12 | 24.38 ± 17.70 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/d) | 1.30 ± 0.16 | 1.33 ± 0.18 | 1.33 ± 0.17 | 0.391 | 1.29 ± 0.19 | 1.34 ± 0.17 | 1.34 ± 0.15 | 0.071 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/d) | 0.78 ± 0.17 | 0.79 ± 0.20 | 0.86 ± 0.29 | 0.033 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 0.84 ± 0.23 | 0.79 ± 0.27 | 0.352 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg/d) | 14.79 ± 1.90 | 16.13 ± 2.86 | 18.66 ± 4.42 | < 0.001 | 14.54 ± 2.35 | 16.12 ± 3.21 | 18.92 ± 3.65 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 0.73 ± 0.37 | 0.65 ± 0.25 | 1.02 ± 2.60 | 0.209 | 0.75 ± 0.39 | 0.66 ± 0.28 | 0.99 ± 2.60 | 0.299 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/d) | 1.60 ± 1.02 | 1.64 ± 0.84 | 5.07 ± 18.41 | 0.035 | 1.64 ± 1.05 | 1.78 ± 1.19 | 4.90 ± 18.42 | 0.058 |
| Folic acid (μg/d) | 107.61 ± 33.63 | 94.15 ± 28.16 | 92.51 ± 65.70 | 0.043 | 112.12 ± 35.24 | 97.92 ± 31.85 | 84.27 ± 61.10 | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD and obtained from analysis of variance (ANOVA).
All values have been adjusted for total energy intake using a residual method.
b
Energy intake was not adjusted.
SFA, Saturated Fatty Acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; MUFA, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids; RE, Retinol Equivalents; PRAL, Potential Renal Acid Load; NEAP, Net Endogenous Acid Production.