. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychol. 2024 Feb 1;80(5):1065–1078. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23651

Table 5.

Prison Sample Descriptive Statistics of Independent Variables

Variables	M	SD	Skew	Kurtosis

PDOS1	3.246	.761	−.783	3.17
PDOS2	3.170	.804	−.664	2.776
PDOS3	2.956	.866	−.323	2.199
PJ1	1.79	.805	.641	2.506
PJ2	1.959	.859	.370	2.094
PJ3	2.428	.761	−.152	2.567
Age	38.805	11.304	.615	2.821
Sex	.688	.463	−.811	1.658
Violent Offense	.584	.493	−.340	1.115
Years Incarcerated	11.294	8.586	1.188	4.420
White	.367	.482	.554	1.307

ABBREVIATIONS: PDOS = Perceived Dehumanization from Officers; PJ = Procedural Justice.