Table 2.
MSCs enhance apoptosis of target cells.
| Molecules | Mechanisms | Effects | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-23b-5p | By reversing the TRIM14-activated PI3K/AKT pathway | Reduce the proliferation and induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells | [123] |
| miR-205 | By inhibiting rhophilin Rho GTPase binding protein 2 | Retard prostate cancer progression | [124] |
| IFN-β | By upregulating TRAIL expression | Induce apoptosis of MDA cells | [125] |
| Fas-L | By Fas/Fas-L pathway | Induce apoptosis of MM cells | [126] |
| By downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway | Inhibit U251 cells proliferation and the EMT-like | [127] | |
| By altering cell cycle arrest and MMP7 signaling-triggered EMT | Inhibit PDAC cell proliferation, tumor growth and invasion | [128] | |
| Inhibit proliferation rate and increase the apoptosis rate | [129] | ||
| Decrease cell viability and increase apoptosis | [130] | ||
| IDO | Inhibit T-cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis of activated T cells | [131] | |
| PD-L1 | Suppress the activation of CD4+ T cells, downregulate interleukin-2 secretion and induce irreversible hyporesponsiveness and cell death | [132] | |
| Fas-L | Fas-regulated monocyte chemotactic protein 1 recruit T cells for Fas-L-mediated apoptosis | [18, 133] | |
| Through inhibiting TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression and increasing Smad7 protein expression | Promote hepatic stellate cells apoptosis | [134, 135] | |
| Via the BATF2/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway | Facilitate relieve ankylosing spondylitis | [136] | |
| miR-26a | Related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway | Inhibit the proliferation of high glucose-induced human skin fibroblasts cells, and promote cell apoptosis | [137] |
MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, TRIM14 tripartite motif containing 14, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, TRAIL TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand, MDA MDA-MB-231 cells, Fas-L Fas ligand, MM multiple myeloma, EMT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, MMP7 matrilysin; matrix metalloproteinase 7, TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta, BATF2 basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF like 2, JAK Janus kinase, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4.