Table 4.
Latent profile membership of EQ-5D in people who inject drugs (n=398)
| Variables | Profile 1 (medium multiple problems without pain) | Profile 2 (medium multiple problems) | Profile 3 (high multiple problems with medium pain) | Profile 4 (high multiple problems) | Profile 5 (low multiple problems with high pain) | Chi-square or F-statistics1 | Group differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 41 (10.6) | 44 (11.3) | 97 (25.0) | 64 (16.5) | 142 (36.6) | ||
| Age (y) | 36.6±9.0 | 33.3±8.3 | 37.7±10.8 | 38.2±13.7 | 29.2±10.3 | 12.8*** | 1,3,4>5 |
| Education | 34.5*** | ||||||
| Illiterate | 4 (9.8) | 1 (2.3) | 6 (6.2) | 18 (28.1) | 13 (9.2) | 23.0*** | 4,5>1,2,3 |
| Primary | 5 (12.2) | 8 (18.2) | 29 (29.9) | 16 (25.0) | 28 (19.7) | 5.4* | 3,5>1,2,4 |
| High school | 32 (78.1) | 35 (79.6) | 62 (63.9) | 30 (46.9) | 101 (71.1) | 6.1** | 3,5>1,2,4 |
| Marital status | 53.1*** | ||||||
| Single | 17 (41.5) | 14 (31.8) | 18 (18.6) | 7 (11.1) | 5 (3.5) | 39.2*** | 1,2,3>4,5 |
| Married 1 wife | 13 (31.7) | 16 (36.4) | 32 (33.0) | 20 (31.7) | 71 (50.0) | 6.7* | 5>1,2,3,4 |
| ≥2 wives | 11 (26.8) | 14 (31.8) | 47 (48.4) | 36 (57.1) | 66 (46.5) | 7.1* | 1,2<3,4,5 |
| Prison (or detention) in the past 10 y (more than a week) | 13.1* | ||||||
| Yes | 15 (36.6) | 19 (43.2) | 41 (42.7) | 43 (67.2) | 68 (47.9) | 1,2<3,4,5; 3,4<5 | |
| No | 26 (63.4) | 25 (56.8) | 55 (57.3) | 21 (32.8) | 74 (52.1) | 1,2,4<3,5 | |
| The last time of drug injection (mo) | 129.5*** | ||||||
| <1 | 9 (21.9) | 10 (22.7) | 40 (41.7) | 43 (67.2) | 128 (90.1) | 47.9*** | 1,2<3,4,5; 3,4<5 |
| 1-6 | 17 (41.5) | 18 (40.9) | 40 (41.7) | 13 (20.3) | 14 (9.9) | 31.2*** | 1,2,4,5<3 |
| >6 | 15 (36.6) | 16 (36.4) | 16 (16.7) | 8 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 50.4*** | 5,4<1,2,3; 5<4 |
| The no. of sexual partners in the last 6 mo | 48.8*** | ||||||
| 1 | 30 (75.0) | 32 (74.4) | 66 (68.7) | 32 (50.8) | 46 (32.6) | 22.6*** | 1,2,4<3,5 |
| ≥2 | 10 (25.0) | 11 (25.6) | 30 (31.2) | 31 (49.2) | 95 (67.4) | 26.3*** | 1,2<3,4,5; |
| Age at first drug consumption | 17.3±1.3 | 17.0±1.8 | 18.0±1.9 | 18.6±1.8 | 18.2±2.1 | 5.6*** | 1<4; 2<4,5 |
| Age in first drug injection | 25.3±5.3 | 23.3±4.2 | 23.2±3.4 | 23.3±4.3 | 20.0±2.9 | 18.7*** | 5<1,2,3,4 |
| High risk injection | 109.7*** | ||||||
| Yes | 4 (9.8) | 6 (14.6) | 8 (8.8) | 12 (22.2) | 79 (68.1) | 74.9*** | 1,2,3,4<5 |
| No | 37 (90.2) | 35 (85.4) | 83 (91.2) | 42 (77.8) | 37 (31.9) | 34.9** | 1,2,4,5<3 |
| Age at first sexual intercourse | 19.6±2.1 | 18.8±1.8 | 18.7±1.3 | 19.1±1.5 | 18.1±1.5 | 7.7*** | 3,5<1; 5<4 |
| The no. of instances of sexual intercourse with partners in the last month | 50.1*** | ||||||
| ≤2 | 32 (91.4) | 29 (74.4) | 81 (94.2) | 44 (77.2) | 62 (53.4) | 12.8** | 3,5>1,2,4 |
| >2 | 3 (8.6) | 10 (25.6) | 5 (5.8) | 13 (22.8) | 54 (46.5) | 37.3*** | 5>1,2,3,4 |
| Man-who-has-sex-with-men status | 4.7 | ||||||
| Yes | 4 (10.3) | 4 (9.8) | 14 (15.4) | 5 (8.9) | 22 (19.1) | NS | |
| No | 35 (89.7) | 37 (90.2) | 77 (84.6) | 51 (91.1) | 93 (80.9) | NS | |
| Risk perception of HIV | 97.8*** | ||||||
| Yes | 10 (24.4) | 10 (25.0) | 19 (20.21) | 24 (42.11) | 94 (81.03) | 53.7*** | 5>1,2,3,4 |
| No | 31 (75.6) | 30 (75.0) | 75 (79.79) | 33 (57.89) | 22 (18.97) | 44.1*** | 3>1,2,4,5 |
| Self-rated health | 46.1±10.6 | 47.6±6.9 | 41.4±10.2 | 38.1±11.8 | 42.9±7.4 | 8.8*** | 1,2>4; 5>4; 2>3 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimension; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NS, not significant.
1
One-way analysis of variance was conducted for continuous variables and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables.
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001.