Table 1.
Some cytokines and targeted drugs related to immunosuppression.
| Core substance | Action mechanism | Effects on immune- cells | Effects on immunosuppression | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOT2 | GOT2-PPARδ Axes: combining and activating PPARδ Nuclear receptor | Restraining function of CD8+T cell | Promoting | (146) |
| N6L: Pseudopeptide inhibiting NCL (nucleolar protein) | Inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, reducing the level of IL-6, and reducing the formation of matrix by CAFs | Reduce Tregs and MDSCs, and increase TILs | Inhibiting (N6L) Promoting (NCL) |
(147) |
| VDR | Hindering matrix production by PSCs | Promoting the contact of anti-tumor cells with PDAC cells | Inhibiting | (148) |
| miRNA-155 | Suppressing the expression of SHIP-1 | Adding TAMs | Promoting | (149) |
| Hsa_circ_0046523 | Increasing the content of IL-10 and TGF-β, reduce the content of IFN-γ and IL-2, and promote the expression of PD-L1 | Increasing Tregs and suppressing the infiltration and function of CD8+T cells | Promoting | (150) |
| LL-37 (the human cathelicidin peptide) | Inhibiting autophagy of PDAC cells, increasing ROS production, inducing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest | Reducing MDSCs and TAMs, and increasing CSD8+T cells | Inhibiting | (151) |
| UQCRC1 (Components of mitochondrial complex III) | Reducing the expression of CCL5 and changing the number of DNAM-1 and CD96 receptors on NK cell surface through UQCRC1/eATP axis | Suppressing the infiltration and function of NK cells | Promoting | (152) |
| IRAK4 | Promoting matrix fibrosis through NF-κB pathway | Leading to depletion of anti-tumor T cells | Promoting | (153) |
| MNKs inhibitor | The increase of MNK activity is related to the decrease of CD8+T cell infiltration. Repression of this pathway increases the expression of immunosuppressive markers in TAMs | Increase CD8+T cells, but induce T cell depletion and enhance the ability of TAMs | Promoting | (154) |
| BMS-687681 (CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor) |
Suppressing the tumorigenic effect of CCR2/CCR5 and blocking the signal pathway of TLR2/4 and RAGE | Inhibiting Tregs, TAMs and MDSCs as well as increasing anti-tumor T cells infiltration | Inhibiting | (155) |
| LIPH (lipase H) | Its high expression is related to mutations of KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4, and promotes EMT and angiogenesis | Increasing TAMs and Tregs, decreasing CD8+T cells and Th1 cells | Promoting | (156) |
| DCLK1 | Advancing EMT | Increasing TAMs, reducing CD8+T cells, and losing E-cad | Promoting | (157) |