Table 3.
Summary of chemical compounds targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway for liver fibrosis alleviation.
| Compounds | In vitro activity | In vivo activity | Activity in human | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin-based agonist called JT003 | Y - HEK293 cells, HepG2 cells, and LX2 cells | Yes - NASH mice | Not assessed | (105) |
| Aspirin, ticlopidine, and cilostazol | Not assessed | Yes - fisher 344 male rats | Not assessed | (106) |
| FTY720 | Not assessed | Yes - male Sprague–Dawley rats | Not assessed | (107) |
| Hesperetin | Yes - HepG2 cells | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (33) |
| Maltol | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (108) |
| A6 | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (109) |
| Ruangan granules (RGGs) | Not assessed | Yes - rat | Not assessed | (110) |
| Salvianolic acid A (SA-A) | Not assessed | Yes - rat | Not assessed | (111) |
| Salvianolic acid B (SAB) | Not assessed | Yes - male C57 mice | Not assessed | (66) |
| Simvastatin | Not assessed | Yes - male Wistar rats | Not assessed | (112) |
| Doxazosin | Yes - HCS-LX-2 | Yes - mouse | Not assessed | (73) |
| Artesunate (ART) | HSC- LX-2 | Not assessed | Not assessed | (113) |
| 5-BDBD | Not assessed | Yes - C57BL/6 J mice | Not assessed | (114) |
| Nilotinib | Yes - human HCS | Yes - rat | Yes | (89) |
| Idazoxan | Yes - LX-2 | Yes - rat | Not assessed | (67) |
| Celecoxib | Yes - human HSCs | Yes - rat | Not assessed | (115) |
| Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) | Not assessed | Not assessed | Chronic hepatitis B | (116) |
| Octreotide | Yes - HSCs | Yes - rat | Not assessed | (117) |
| JD5037 | Not assessed | Yes - rat | Yes - liver fibrosis patients | (118) |
| Imatinib mesylate (STI-571) | Not assessed | Yes - rat | Assessed | (119) |
| Pyrazinamide (PZA) | Not assessed | Yes - Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats | Not assessed | (120) |
| Metformin | Not assessed | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (121) |
| Metformin | Yes - Cell lines (PLCPRF5 cells) | Yes - NOG mice | Yes - hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after liver transplantation | (122) |
| Propranolol | Yes - LX-2 | Yes - mouse | Not assessed | (123) |
| Rapamycin | Not assessed | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (124) |
| Sorafenib | Not assessed | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (125) |
| Rimonabant | Not assessed | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (126) |
| 1,8-cineole | Not assessed | Yes - knockout mice | Not assessed | (127) |
| Actein | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (128) |
| S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) | Yes - human colon cancer cells | Yes - MAT1A-KO mice | Not assessed | (129) |
| Sirolimus | Not assessed | Yes - PCK rats | Not assessed | (56) |
| Vevorisertib | Yes - Hep3B, HepG2, HuH7, and PLC/PRF cell lines | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (130) |
| Quercetin | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (131) |
| Resveratrol (RSV) | Yes - HSC-T6 cells | Yes - rat | Not assessed | (132) |
| Dihydromyricetin (DHM) | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (133) |
| Hemistepsin A (HsA) | Yes - HSCs | Yes - male ICR mice | Not assessed | (134) |
| Asiatic acid (AA) isolated from Centella asiatica | Not assessed | Yes - Rat | Not assessed | (135) |
| Cytisine derivatives, including compound 5f | Human LX-Cell | Not assessed | Not assessed | (136) |
| Atractylenolide III (ATL III) | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (137) |
| Tormentic Acid (TA) | Not assessed | Yes - Rat | Not assessed | (138) |
| Taxifolin | Not assessed | Yes - mouse | Not assessed | (139) |
| Honokiol | Yes - AML-12 hepatocytes | Yes - mouse | Not assessed | (140) |
| Hovenianin A | Yes - HSCs | Not assessed | Not assessed | (141) |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Yes - human HSC-XL-2 | Yes - bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. | Not assessed | (142) |
| Isovitexin | Not assessed | Yes - mice | Not assessed | (143) |
| Alpha mangostin | Yes - HSC | Not assessed | Not assessed | (144) |
| Hesperitin derivative-11 (HD-11) | Yes - HSC-T6 cells | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (145) |
| Matrine derivative WM130 | Yes - HSC-IL-2 | Yes - rats | Not assessed | (146, 147) |