Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Subjects in Groups According to sdLDL-C Levels.
| Variables | Total (n = 198) | sdLDL-C ＜40.0 mg/dL (n = 144) | sdLDL-C ≥ 40.0 mg/dL (n = 54) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 64±8 | 65±8 | 61±8 | 0.01 |
| Gender, men/women | 161/37 | 116/28 | 45/9 | 0.66 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9±4.2 | 25.9±4.3 | 26.0±3.7 | 0.95 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 133±18 | 132±18 | 135±15 | 0.28 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74±10 | 73±10 | 78±10 | 0.01 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 66±12 | 65±11 | 69±12 | 0.053 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 166±30 | 158±25 | 187±30 | ＜0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 147±111 | 113±55 | 236±163 | ＜0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 50±14 | 51±15 | 46±11 | 0.02 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 88±25 | 84±21 | 99±30 | ＜0.001 |
| sdLDL-C, mg/dL | 32.4±14.8 | 24.9±7.1 | 52.4±10.7 | N/A |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 141±45 | 136±38 | 155±58 | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 7.2±1.0 | 7.0±0.9 | 7.5±1.3 | 0.003 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.86±0.24 | 0.88±0.26 | 0.80±0.15 | 0.03 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 71±18 | 69±18 | 76±17 | 0.02 |
| Current Smoking, n (%) | 26 (13.4) | 21 (14.8) | 5 (9.6) | 0.35 |
| Exercise habit, n (%) | 116 (60.4) | 86 (60.6) | 30 (60.0) | 0.94 |
| Alcohol drink, n (%) | 66 (34.2) | 46 (32.2) | 20 (40.0) | 0.31 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 187 (94.4) | 137 (95.1) | 50 (92.6) | 0.49 |
| Dyslipidemia | 198 (100) | 144 (100) | 54 (100) | |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 92 (46.5) | 63 (43.8) | 29 (53.7) | 0.21 |
| Previous angina pectoris | 111 (56.1) | 83 (57.6) | 28 (51.9) | 0.47 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Antiplatelet drugs | 193 (97.5) | 140 (97.2) | 53 (98.2) | 0.71 |
| Statins | 198 (100) | 144 (100) | 54 (100) | |
| Fibrates | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.69) | 0 (0) | 0.54 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acids | 14 (7.1) | 11 (7.6) | 3 (5.6) | 0.61 |
| Ezetimibe | 18 (9.1) | 12 (8.3) | 6 (11.1) | 0.54 |
| ACEIs/ARBs | 144 (72.7) | 105 (72.9) | 39 (72.2) | 0.92 |
| β-blockers | 89 (44.9) | 63 (44.8) | 26 (48.2) | 0.58 |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 100 (50.5) | 75 (52.1) | 25 (46.3) | 0.47 |
| Diuretics | 31 (15.7) | 25 (17.4) | 6 (11.1) | 0.28 |
| Any-antidiabetic drugs | 165 (83.3) | 124 (86.1) | 41 (75.9) | 0.09 |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs | 149 (75.3) | 111 (77.1) | 38 (70.4) | 0.33 |
| Insulin | 33 (16.7) | 27 (18.8) | 6 (11.1) | 0.20 |
| Framingham risk score, % | 16±8 | 15±8 | 20±9 | ＜0.001 |
sdLDL-C indicates small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers