Table 2. Clinical Characteristics of Subjects in Groups According to Cut-off Values of sdLDL-C and TG Levels.
| Variables | Total (n = 198) |
Group 1 (n = 112) |
Group 2 (n = 15) |
Group 3 (n = 32) |
Group 4 (n = 39) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 64±8 | 65±8 | 61±8 | 62±9 | 61±8 | 0.02 |
| Gender, men/women | 161/37 | 89/23 | 10/5 | 27/5 | 35/4 | 0.22 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9±4.2 | 25.7±4.2 | 24.7±3.0 | 26.7±4.7 | 26.5±3.9 | 0.31 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 133±18 | 133±19 | 137±13 | 128±16 | 134±16 | 0.32 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 74±10 | 73±11 | 77±8 | 71±7 | 78±10 | 0.03 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 66±12 | 66±11 | 71±11 | 65±11 | 68±12 | 0.19 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 166±30 | 158±26 | 186±28 | 160±23 | 188±32 | ＜0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 147±111 | 90±27 | 119±22 | 197±44 | 281±172 | N/A |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 50±14 | 53±14 | 54±8 | 45±14 | 43±11 | ＜0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 88±25 | 86±21 | 109±23 | 75±21 | 95±32 | ＜0.001 |
| sdLDL-C, mg/dL | 32.4±14.8 | 23.0±6.3 | 50.1±9.4 | 31.4±5.9 | 53.2±11.1 | N/A |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 141±45 | 132±35 | 154±36 | 149±44 | 155±65 | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 7.2±1.0 | 7.0±0.8 | 7.6±1.3 | 7.3±0.9 | 7.5±1.3 | 0.007 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.86±0.24 | 0.87±0.24 | 0.77±0.20 | 0.92±0.33 | 0.81±0.13 | 0.11 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 71±18 | 69±18 | 78±22 | 69±19 | 75±15 | 0.11 |
| Current Smoking, n (%) | 26 (13.4) | 13 (11.7) | 0 (0) | 8 (25.8) | 5 (13.5) | 0.08 |
| Exercise habit, n (%) | 116 (60.4) | 68 (61.3) | 9 (64.3) | 18 (58.1) | 21 (58.3) | 0.97 |
| Alcohol drink, n (%) | 66 (34.2) | 36 (32.1) | 8 (57.1) | 10 (32.2) | 12 (33.3) | 0.31 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 187 (94.4) | 108 (96.4) | 14 (93.3) | 29 (90.6) | 36 (92.3) | 0.55 |
| Dyslipidemia | 198 (100) | 112 (100) | 15 (100) | 32 (100) | 39 (100) | |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 92 (46.5) | 49 (43.8) | 7 (46.7) | 14 (43.8) | 22 (56.4) | 0.58 |
| Previous angina pectoris | 111 (56.1) | 65 (58.0) | 9 (60.0) | 18 (56.3) | 19 (48.7) | 0.77 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Antiplatelet drugs | 193 (97.5) | 110 (98.2) | 14 (93.3) | 30 (93.8) | 39 (100) | 0.25 |
| Statins | 198 (100) | 112 (100) | 15 (100) | 32 (100) | 39 (100) | |
| Fibrates | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.89) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.86 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acids | 14 (7.1) | 9 (8.0) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (6.3) | 2 (5.1) | 0.94 |
| Ezetimibe | 18 (9.1) | 10 (8.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.3) | 6 (15.4) | 0.30 |
| ACEIs/ARBs | 144 (72.7) | 80 (71.4) | 10 (66.7) | 25 (78.1) | 29 (74.4) | 0.83 |
| β-blockers | 89 (44.9) | 53 (47.3) | 8 (53.3) | 10 (31.3) | 18 (46.2) | 0.37 |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 100 (50.5) | 60 (53.6) | 8 (53.3) | 15 (46.9) | 17 (43.6) | 0.71 |
| Diuretics | 31 (15.7) | 20 (17.9) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (15.6) | 4 (10.3) | 0.72 |
| Any-antidiabetic drugs | 165 (83.3) | 97 (86.6) | 12 (80.0) | 27 (84.4) | 29 (74.4) | 0.35 |
| Oral antidiabetic drugs | 149 (75.3) | 86 (76.8) | 10 (66.7) | 25 (78.1) | 28 (71.8) | 0.77 |
| Insulin | 33 (16.7) | 25 (22.3) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (6.3) | 4 (10.3) | 0.10 |
| Framingham risk score, % | 16±8 | 14±8 | 16±6 | 16±8 | 21±9 | ＜0.001 |
sdLDL-C indicates small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low- density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; FMD, flow-mediated vasodilation.
Group 1 indicates TG of ＜150 mg/dL and sdLDL-C of ＜40.0 mg/dL; group 2, TG of ＜150 mg/dL and sdLDL-C of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL; group 3, TG of ≥ 150 mg/dL and sdLDL-C of ＜40.0 mg/dL; group 4, TG of ≥ 150 mg/dL and sdLDL-C of ≥ 40.0 mg/dL.