Fig. 5.

Scanning electron microscopy examination of a. non-coated probiotic and b. nano-coated probiotic cells. Secondary electron imaging SEM revealed a very high-resolution detailed image with a size of 1 nm. The non-coated probiotic cells (a) appear ideally shaped and have a nano-layer-free surface. The morphological changes are clearly seen in nano-coated probiotic cells (b), with a nano-layer surrounding some cells (The red arrows denote some nano-coated probiotic cells). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)