Table 2.
Odds of low birth weight among mothers in NYC Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2004–2007
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
| Race/ethnicity nativity status | ||||
| Non-Latino White (US born) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Non-Latino White (foreign born) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.14) | 0.79 (0.56, 1.12) |
| Non-Latino Black (US born) | 2.98 (2.39, 3.70) | 2.94 (2.32, 3.71) | 2.56 (1.94, 3.39) | 2.52 (1.90, 3.33) |
| Non-Latino Black (foreign born) | 2.41 (1.92, 3.03) | 2.30 (1.80, 2.93) | 2.30 (1.74, 3.05) | 2.24 (1.68, 2.99) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander (foreign born) | 1.63 (1.27, 2.08) | 1.67 (1.29 (2.16) | 1.50 (1.12, 2.02) | 1.47 (1.08, 2.00) |
| Puerto Rican (Mainland born) | 2.43 (1.84, 3.21) | 2.34 (1.75, 3.15) | 2.12 (1.49, 3.02) | 2.04 (1.43, 2.91) |
| Puerto Rican (Island born) | 2.79 (1.78, 4.37) | 2.68 (1.67, 4.28) | 2.12 (1.20, 3.76) | 2.07 (1.17, 3.67) |
| Other Latino (US born) | 1.58 (1.17, 2.14) | 1.61 (1.17, 2.21) | 1.46 (1.00, 2.13) | 1.44 (0.98, 2.12) |
| Other Latino (foreign born) | 1.37 (1.12, 1.68) | 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) | 1.36 (1.04, 1.78) | 1.35 (1.02, 1.78) |
| Maternal age | ||||
| ≥35 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| <35 | 0.67 (0.57, 0.78) | 0.65 (0.53, 0.80) | 0.64 (0.52, 0.79) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/partnered | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 0.85 (0.73, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.15) | |
| Education | ||||
| >High school | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| ≤High school | 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.41) | 1.18 (0.99, 1.42) | |
| Insurance coverage | ||||
| Other insurance | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Medicaid | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.25) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | |
| No insurance | 0.93 (0.77, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) | |
| Behavioral risk factors | ||||
| Alcohol use | 0.99 (0.75, 1.31) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.27) | ||
| Tobacco use | 1.12 (0.75, 1.31) | 1.13 (0.78, 1.64) | ||
| IPV (during pregnancy) | 1.03 (0.69, 1.52) | 0.97 (0.64, 1.47) | ||
| Late prenatal care initiation | 1.25 (1.03, 1.51) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.55) | ||
| Medical risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 3.64 (2.89, 4.59) | 3.75 (2.98, 4.72) | ||
| Any diabetes | 1.10 (0.86, 1.40) | 1.18 (0.92, 1.50) | ||
| Weight gain during pregnancy | ||||
| Adequate | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Inadequate | 2.04 (1.68, 2.48) | 2.07 (1.70, 2.51) | ||
| Too much | 0.62 (0.51, 0.75) | 0.62 (0.51, 0.75) | ||
| Missing | 1.23 (0.92, 1.66) | 1.19 (0.88, 1.61) | ||
| Sources of support | ||||
| 4+ | 1.0 | |||
| 2–3 | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) | |||
| 0–1 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.38) | |||
| Social support | ||||
| High | 1.0 | |||
| Medium | 1.03 (0.84, 1.27) | |||
| Low | 0.69 (0.50, 0.96) | |||
| Adjusted R2 | 0.011 | 0.0138 | 0.0451 | 0.0464 |