Fig. 9.

The implications of Pdots-based NPs for delivery, targeting, and clearance. The transport, distribution, biological transformation, and metabolism of nanoscale drugs within the body are contingent upon their physicochemical properties (such as particle size, macroscopic physical morphology, surface charge, and density) as well as the diverse microenvironments encountered during their transit (including reticular structure, charge barrier, immune system response, interstitial space, and intrinsic barriers). i). The middle section - the predominant route of administration for nano drug carriers. ii). The lower right corner - the size thresholds of tissue interstice and appropriate administration route of nanoparticles with varying sizes. iii). The lower left corner - the oral administration route with great development potential. iv). The top half of the Figure - the impact of Pdots-based NPs on hepatic clearance and renal clearance. In terms of Pdots-based NPs, hepatic clearance serves as the primary degradation and metabolism pathways. Drawing inspiration from Ref. [457]. Copyright 2023 Springer Nature.