Table 2.
Characteristics of participants in NHANES according to the auditory threshold by cycle (2009–2018)
| Participants, N (%)a | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009–2010 | 2011–2012 | 2015–2016 | 2017–2018 | |||||||||
| Characteristic | Normal hearing | Hearing loss | P valueb | Normal hearing | Hearing loss | P valueb | Normal hearing | Hearing loss | P valueb | Normal hearing | Hearing loss | P valueb |
| Overall | 187 | 685 | 3285 | 533 | 3589 | 674 | 202 | 414 | ||||
| Age, N (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| 20–29 years | -c | -c | 828 | 12 | 840 | 14 | -c | -c | ||||
| 24.8 (19.6–30.0) | 2.4 (0.7–4.0) | 24.4 (22.1–26.7) | 1.8 (0.6–3.1) | |||||||||
| 30–39 years | -c | -c | 731 | 26 | 838 | 28 | -c | -c | ||||
| 21.5 (18.6–24.4) | 3.8 (2.0–5.6) | 22.8 (20.3–25.2) | 4.6 (2.0–7.1) | |||||||||
| 40–49 years | -c | -c | 671 | 67 | 787 | 73 | -c | -c | ||||
| 22.8 (19.9–25.6) | 14.4 (9.1–19.7) | 21.9 (19.7–24.1) | 12.6 (9.7–15.4) | |||||||||
| 50–59 years | -c | -c | 616 | 156 | 644 | 195 | -c | -c | ||||
| 19.8 (17.3–22.3) | 36.3 (30.0–42.7) | 19.1 (17.2–21.1) | 33.7 (28.3–39.2) | |||||||||
| 60–69 years | -c | -c | 439 | 272 | 480 | 364 | -c | -c | ||||
| 11.1 (8.9–13.3) | 43.1 (37.3–48.9) | 11.8 (9.8–13.8) | 47.3 (41.9–52.7) | |||||||||
| 70–79 years | 163 | 397 | -c | -c | -c | -c | 175 | 260 | ||||
| 87.4 (80.8–94.0) | 58.4 (55.0–61.7) | 89.0 (82.4–95.5) | 67.9 (62.7–73.0) | |||||||||
| 80 + years | 24 | 288 | -c | -c | -c | -c | 27 | 154 | ||||
| 12.6 (6.0–19.2) | 41.6 (38.3–45.0) | 11.0 (4.5–17.6) | 32.1 (27.0–37.3) | |||||||||
| Sex, N (%) | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.65 | ||||||||
| Male | 59 | 349 | 1601 | 343 | 1606 | 430 | 78 | 192 | ||||
| 26.5 (17.9–35.2) | 43.2 (39.4–47.1) | 47.4 (45.2–49.7) | 65.6 (58.7–72.4) | 46.2 (45.0–47.5) | 64.2 (58.7–69.7) | 35.9 (28.4–43.3) | 38.1 (31.7–44.5) | |||||
| Female | 128 | 336 | 1684 | 190 | 1983 | 244 | 124 | 222 | ||||
| 73.5 (64.8–82.1) | 56.8 (52.9–60.6) | 52.6 (50.3–54.8) | 34.4 (27.6–41.3) | 53.8 (52.5–55.0) | 35.8 (30.3–41.3) | 64.1 (56.7–71.6) | 61.9 (55.5–68.3) | |||||
| Race, N (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.66 | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 33 | 83 | 653 | 120 | 1098 | 262 | 31 | 53 | ||||
| 8.2 (1.2–15.2) | 5.7 (1.9–9.4) | 14.8 (9.5–20.2) | 10.4 (5.1–15.7) | 16.6 (10.7–22.4) | 13.7 (7.4–20.1) | 8.7 (5.1–12.4) | 7.6 (3.9–11.2) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 101 | 497 | 1114 | 213 | 1051 | 222 | 93 | 232 | ||||
| 71.8 (63.8–79.8) | 85.2 (80.3–90.1) | 64.9 (56.4–73.3) | 75.8 (67.7–83.8) | 61.4 (52.8–69.9) | 70.8 (61.9–79.7) | 74.0 (68.0–79.9) | 78.1 (70.0–86.3) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 41 | 82 | 936 | 123 | 834 | 107 | 51 | 77 | ||||
| 13.4 (7.7–19.2) | 6.5 (3.9–9.2) | 12.4 (7.4–17.4) | 7.0 (2.9–11.1) | 12.4 (7.5–17.3) | 7.3 (3.6–10.9) | 9.4 (5.3–13.4) | 7.9 (3.7–12.1) | |||||
| Other | 12 | 23 | 582 | 77 | 606 | 83 | 27 | 52 | ||||
| 6.6 (3.6–9.6) | 2.6 (1.2–4.0) | 7.9 (5.5–10.3) | 6.9 (4.2–9.5) | 9.6 (7.0–12.3) | 8.2 (4.7–11.8) | 7.9 (3.1–12.7) | 6.4 (2.5–10.3) | |||||
| Educational level, N (%) | 0.07 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 57 | 228 | 576 | 159 | 700 | 226 | 27 | 101 | ||||
| 21.3 (13.2–29.4) | 28.3 (21.9–34.7) | 13.0 (9.6–16.5) | 18.5 (12.9–24.1) | 12.5 (9.2–15.8) | 18.4 (11.7–25.0) | 7.0 (3.3–10.6) | 15.4 (12.2–18.5) | |||||
| High school | 37 | 171 | 666 | 137 | 774 | 150 | 47 | 106 | ||||
| 23.6 (17.7–29.6) | 26.7 (22.0–31.4) | 18.5 (15.4–21.6) | 27.1 (21.4–32.7) | 19.9 (17.7–22.2) | 18.8 (12.5–25.1) | 26.5 (19.0–34.0) | 29.6 (22.4–36.7) | |||||
| College or higher | 93 | 286 | 2043 | 237 | 2115 | 298 | 128 | 207 | ||||
| 55.0 (44.2–65.8) | 45.0 (38.4–51.7) | 68.5 (62.6–74.4) | 54.4 (46.2–62.6) | 67.6 (62.7–72.6) | 62.8 (55.3–70.3) | 66.5 (60.4–72.7) | 55.0 (47.8–62.3) | |||||
| Poverty/income ratio, N (%) | 0.200 | 0.263 | 0.444 | 0.436 | ||||||||
| Low | 37 | 159 | 1072 | 182 | 995 | 229 | 33 | 73 | ||||
| 14.6 (8.5–20.7) | 16.8 (13.5–20.1) | 23.2 (18.7–27.8) | 20.5 (15.8–25.1) | 19.1 (15.8–22.3) | 18.5 (13.6–23.4) | 9.1 (6.0–12.3) | 10.9 (7.8–14.0) | |||||
| Middle | 78 | 308 | 1004 | 160 | 1291 | 231 | 83 | 190 | ||||
| 41.6 (31.5–51.8) | 48.2 (42.0–54.4) | 30.9 (26.3–35.5) | 35.1 (26.4–43.8) | 33.7 (30.2–37.1) | 29.9 (23.0–36.8) | 38.3 (25.8–50.8) | 42.2 (31.9–52.6) | |||||
| High | 48 | 165 | 988 | 142 | 985 | 153 | 61 | 95 | ||||
| 31.9 (24.0–39.9) | 28.0 (21.6–34.5) | 40.9 (33.8–47.9) | 36.9( 28.2–45.6) | 40.5 (35.3–45.7) | 45.0 (34.6–55.4) | 42.8 (29.6–56.1) | 33.8 (22.6–45.0) | |||||
| Missing | 24 | 53 | 221 | 49 | 318 | 61 | 25 | 56 | ||||
| 11.8 (6.3–17.3) | 7.0 (4.6–9.3) | 5.0 (3.3–6.7) | 7.5 (3.0–12.0) | 6.8 (5.3–8.2) | 6.6 (3.4–9.7) | 9.7 (2.8–16.7) | 13.0 (8.2–17.8) | |||||
| Non-occupational noise exposure, N (%) | 0.31 | 0.38 | < 0.001 | 0.08 | ||||||||
| Yes | 15 | 79 | 396 | 72 | 474 | 137 | 9 | 39 | ||||
| 7.6 (2.3–12.9) | 10.3 (5.6–14.9) | 12.3 (10.2–14.4) | 15.0 (9.8–20.2) | 14.7 (12.8–16.6) | 24.6 (20.2–29.1) | 4.6 (0.4–8.8) | 8.4 (5.5–11.3) | |||||
| No | 172 | 606 | 2889 | 461 | 3115 | 537 | 193 | 375 | ||||
| 92.4 (87.1–97.7) | 89.7 (85.1–94.4) | 87.7 (85.6–89.8) | 85.0 (79.8–90.2) | 85.3 (83.4–87.2) | 75.4 (70.9–79.8) | 95.4 (9.2–99.6) | 91.6 (88.7–94.5) | |||||
| Occupational noise exposure, N (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.12 | ||||||||
| Yes | 31 | 228 | 1064 | 242 | 1104 | 293 | 53 | 157 | ||||
| 13.1 (8.1–18.1) | 31.0 (26.8–35.1) | 33.0 (29.0–37.0) | 51.7 (42.0–61.4) | 31.1 (28.1–34.1) | 43.7 (38.9–48.6) | 23.7 (14.3–33.0) | 32.1 (25.1–39.0) | |||||
| No | 156 | 457 | 2221 | 291 | 2485 | 381 | 149 | 257 | ||||
| 86.9 (81.9–91.9) | 69.0 (64.9–73.2) | 67.0 (63.0–71.0) | 48.3 (38.6–58.0) | 68.9 (65.9–71.9) | 56.3 (51.4–61.1) | 76.3 (67.0–85.7) | 67.9 (61.0–74.9) | |||||
| Missing | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c | -c | ||||
aThe estimates of the percentage of participants were weighted
bP values for overall differences in prevalence by stratum
cNo participants were observed in the sample