Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Category	Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Population/participants	Adults (18 yr or older) on chronic hemodialysis	Children (younger than 18 yr) and animals
Intervention	Exercise interventions performed during hemodialysis (intradialytic exercise) that include aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or both	Studies including exercise interventions that do not include intradialytic aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or both
Comparison	Nonexposed control group receiving standard/usual care or sham exercise (e.g., breathing exercises)	—
Outcome	Studies that report changes in relevant prespecified cardiovascular outcomes, including arterial resistance; BP; myocardial function as measured by changes in LVEF, shortening fraction, number of regional wall motion abnormalities, or myocardial blood flow; endothelial function; sympathetic overactivity as measured by change in baroreflex sensitivity and/or HRV; biomarkers of cardiac injury (e.g., troponin, brain-natriuretic peptide); cardiac structure as measured by changes in myocardial thickness and/or LVM; hospitalization and death for cardiovascular causes	Studies that do not include cardiovascular outcomes as mentioned in inclusion criteria
Other	Study design: randomized controlled or quasiexperimental design	Date: studies before 1960

HRV, heart rate variability; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass.