Table 7.

Results of linear mixed-effects regressions examining direction of effects on peak frequency.

Model of peak frequency	Hypothesis	Est	SE	df	t	p
Overbite	+	0.0014	0.0026	280.5	0.5275	.5983
SN-GoGn	−	−0.0012	0.0014	217.6	−0.8590	.3913
FMA	−	−0.0006	0.0014	217.7	−0.4073	.6842
Overjet (Class I)	N/A	−0.0204	0.0119	65.4	−1.7184	.0905
Overjet (Class II)	+	0.0055	0.0064	60.1	0.8628	.3917
Overjet (Class III)	−	−0.0004	0.0040	149.4	−0.0951	.9243
ANB (Class II)	−	−0.0006	0.0065	58.1	−0.0923	.9268
ANB (Class III)	+	0.0006	0.0034	148.1	0.1756	.8609
Wits (Class II)	−	0.0012	0.0042	58.1	0.2849	.7767
Wits (Class III)	+	0.0017	0.0029	148.3	0.5889	.5569
U1-SN	N/A	0.0003	0.0010	214.9	0.2954	.7680
IMPA	N/A	−0.0010	0.0011	216.9	−0.8855	.3769

Note. Est = estimate; SE = standard error; df = degrees of freedom; SN-GoGn = Sella-Nasion-Gonion-Gnathion; FMA = Frankfort-mandibular plane angle; N/A = not applicable; ANB = A-point-Nasion-B-point; Wits = Wits appraisal; U1-SN = Upper-1 (central incisor) to Sella-Nasion Angle; IMPA = mandibular incisor to mandibular plane angle.