Table 1.

Comparative literature

Study	Participants	Methodology	Findings
Kadri et al. (2019)[6]	Children with ADHD	Randomized controlled trial	Significant improvements in attentional performance after the taekwondo program.
Lakes and Hoyt (2004)[4]	School-aged children	Quasi-experimental design	Improved inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility following a school-based martial arts training program.
Johnstone et al. (2018)[8]	Young adults	Cross-sectional study	Martial arts experience is associated with enhanced selective attention.
Wu et al. (2019)[7]	Healthy adults	Systematic review and meta-analysis	Martial arts training associated with enhanced executive function.
Liu (2008)[11]	Adolescent population	Review article	Martial arts training linked to improved attention, self-control, and cognitive abilities in adolescents.
Ludyga et al. (2022)[12]	Children	Randomized controlled trial	Improved executive function and cognitive flexibility after practice.
Kasai et al. (2010)[13]	Elderly	Pilot study	Positive effects on attention, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Vertonghen et al. (2010)[14]	Individuals with depression and anxiety	Review article	Martial arts training shows potential as a complementary therapy for improving cognitive function in individuals with depression and anxiety.

ADHD=attention deficit hyperactivity disorder