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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Pain. 2023 Mar 30;27(7):816–830. doi: 10.1002/ejp.2111

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

CIHA types and placebo hypoalgesia. (a) Physically oriented MBPs reduced experimental placebo hypoalgesic effects. TMD participants who were using physically oriented MBPs such as yoga, massage, acupuncture or reiki, had significantly lower placebo hypoalgesia compared to those who were not using. This result was independent of age, sex, race, TMD pain duration, educational and income levels. ***p < 0.001. (b) Number of MBPs and placebo hypoalgesia. MBPs number predicted reduced placebo hypoalgesia. Blue bar represented the mean and standard error of placebo hypoalgesia for each number of MBPs. Data were presented as regression line with 95% confidence interval shown in crimson. (c) Use of yoga and placebo hypoalgesia. TMD participants using yoga exhibited reduced placebo hypoalgesia compared to those who did not. (d) Use of massage and placebo hypoalgesia. TMD participants using massage exhibited reduced placebo hypoalgesia compared to those who did not. Data were presented with medium, quartiles, minimal and maximum. Each dot represented individual placebo hypoalgesia. ***p < 0.001.