Table 3.
Infant characteristics by atovaquone-proguanil (AP), mefloquine (MQ), or chloroquine (CQ) exposure in pregnancy, 2003–2014.a
| Infant characteristics | Antimalarial exposure |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | AP | MQ | CQ | |||||
| Total | 160,892 | 36 | 130 | 121 | ||||
| Infant sex | ||||||||
| Male | 82,314 | (51.2; 50.9–51.4) | 19 | (52.8; 37.0–68.0) | 66 | (50.8; 42.3–59.2) | 54 | (44.6; 36.1–53.5) |
| Female | 78,578 | (48.8; 48.6–49.1) | 17 | (47.2; 32.0–63.0) | 64 | (49.2; 40.8–57.7) | 67 | (55.4; 46.5–63.9) |
| Adverse infant outcomes | ||||||||
| Growth problems in utero | 4783 | (3.0; 2.9–3.1) | 2 | (5.6; 1.5–18.1) | 1 | (0.8; 0.1–4.2) | 3 | (2.5; 0.8–7.0) |
| Any major birth defect | 4622 | (2.9; 2.8–3.0) | 1 | (2.8; 0.5–14.2) | 1 | (0.8; 0.1–4.2) | 3 | (2.5; 0.8–7.0) |
| Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | 14,176 | (8.8; 8.7–9.0) | 4 | (11.1; 4.4–25.3) | 5 | (3.9; 1.7–8.7) | 9 | (7.4; 4.0–13.5) |
| Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) | 12,795 | (8.0; 7.8–8.1) | 4 | (11.1; 4.4–25.3) | 6 | (4.6; 2.1–9.7) | 7 | (5.8; 2.8–11.5) |
| Small for gestational age | 6237 | (3.9; 3.8–4.0) | 4 | (11.1; 4.4–25.3) | 3 | (2.3; 0.8–6.6) | 5 | (4.1; 1.8–9.3) |
| Any adverse live birth outcomeb | 18,340 | (11.4; 11.2–11.6) | 7 | (19.4; 9.8–35.0) | 9 | (6.9; 3.7–12.6) | 11 | (9.1; 5.2–15.5) |
| Any adverse live birth outcomeb or birth defect | 21,746 | (13.5; 13.3–13.7) | 7 | (19.4; 9.8–35.0) | 10 | (7.7; 4.2–13.6) | 13 | (10.7; 6.4–17.5) |
a
Data presented as N (percent %; 95% confidence intervals).
b
Any adverse live birth outcome defined as preterm birth, low birthweight, or small for gestational age.