Figure 4.

Melittin resulted in increased intracellular mitochondria-autophagosome fusion. (a) Cells were pre-transfected with the GFP-LC3 virus for 24 h and then incubated with melittin (2,4 μg/ml) for another 24 h. After that cells were labeled with Mito tracker Red for 15 min and analyzed at the confocal fluorescence microscope. Yellow dots show mitophagy in A549 cells. (b) Schematic diagram depicting the induction of mitophagy dysfunction and apoptosis by melittin.