Table 1.

Application of antioxidant therapeutic strategies for DR.

Compounds	Target	Research Type	References
Gabapentin	BCATc	Animal experiment (Rat)	[39]
Fenofibrate	PPAR-α	Cell culture	[41]
Sulodexide	NOX4/NOX5	Animal experiment (Pig)	[45]
Bilobalide	Nrf2/HO-1	Animal experiment (Rat)	[49]
Carvedilol	Nrf2/ARE	Cell culture	[52]
Conbercept	NOX1/NOX4	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[55]
Scutellarin	Nrf2	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[58]
Cilostazol	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Rat)	[60]
Quercetin	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Rat)	[63]
Coumestrol	Sirt1	Animal experiment (Rat)	[66]
Dihydromyricetin	Poldip2/NOX4	Animal experiment (Rat)	[69]
Tricin	Sestrin2/Nrf2	Animal experiment (Rat)	[72]
Curcumin	Nrf2	Animal experiment (Rat)	[75]
Proanthocyanidins	Free radicals	Cell culture	[79]
Isoliquiritigenin	Sirt1	Animal experiment (Rat)	[80]
Rhaponticin	Nrf2/HO-1	Animal experiment (Rat)	[81]
Kaempferol	Bax/Bcl-2	Animal experiment (Rat)	[83]
LPC	TLR4/NF-κB	Cell culture	[87]
omega-3	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Rat)	[88]
FA	Homocysteine	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[90]
Vitamin C	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Rat)	[19]
Vitamin D	Free radicals	Cell culture	[92]
Vitamin E	Malondialdehyde	Clinical trial	[93]
Zeaxanthin	NOX4	Animal experiment (Rat)	[18]
Astaxanthin	PI3K/Akt/Nrf2	Cell culture	[95]
Lutein	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[97]
SOD3	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[100]
TGF-β	Nrf2/HO-1	Cell culture	[101]
GLP-1	MnSOD/CuZnSOD	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[103]
PHLPP1	Nrf2/ARE	Animal experiment (Rat)	[106]
Capsaicin	Poldip2	Animal experiment (Rat)	[109]
Captopril	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Rat)	[112]
tBHQ	PI3K/Akt/eNOS	Animal experiment (Rat)	[115]
Paeonol	Free radicals	Animal experiment (Rat)	[118]
Geniposide	Nrf2	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[122]
Melatonin	Sirt1	Animal experiment (Mouse)	[125]