Table 2.

Inhibitors and inducers of ferroptosis.

Role	Mode of action	Small molecules	Nanoparticles	References
Inducer	Fe homeostasis	FAC	Fe-based NMs like IONPs, Fe-organic NPs, FePt	[116]
	NRF2 inhibition	Trigonelline, brusatol	–	[117]
	LiPr	FINO2	WS2, Fe-organic NP, FePt & MoS2	[36]
	Inhibition system xc −	Sulfasalazine; glutamate, erastin, PE, sorafenib, IKE erastin analogs	–	[118]
	GSH depletion	Cystine/cysteine deprivation, acetaminophen, cisplatin, BSO, DPI2, cysteinase	Zinc oxide NPs	[119]
	Suppression GPX4	(1S,3R)-RSL3; ML162, FIN56; DPI family members	Fe-free NMs, (WS2, MoS2 & Copper NPs)	[120]
	CoQ10 biosynthesis inhibition	Statins	–	[121]
Inhibitor	System xc− activation	β-mercaptoethanol, Cycloheximide	–	[122]
	Fe chelators	DFX, CPX, DFO, DFP	–	[116]
	Selenoprotein increment	Se	–	[116]
	Reduction of LiPr	Vit-E, BHT, BHA, Fer-1, AA-861, zileuton; vildagliptin, alogliptin, trolox, tocotrienols, Lip-1; CoQ10, idebenone; XJB-5-131; deferoxamine, cyclipirox, deferiprone; CDC, baicalein, PD-146176 and linagliptin	CPS	[123]
	GPX4 upgradation	Dopamine	–	[124]