Table 2.
Associations between urinary biomarkers and risk of liver cancer, Southern community cohort study
| Biomarker | Overall | Cases diagnosed <5 years from baseline | Cases diagnosed ≥5 years from baseline | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cases/controls | OR (95% CI)a | cases/controls | OR (95% CI)a | cases/controls | OR (95% CI)a | |
| PGE-M | ||||||
| T1 (low) | 16/49 | 1.00 (ref) | 7/49 | 1.00 (ref) | 9/49 | 1.00 (ref) |
| T2 | 12/52 | 0.34 (0.09–1.33) | 2/52 | 0.16 (0.02–1.69) | 10/52 | 0.30 (0.05–1.70) |
| T3 | 21/50 | 0.39 (0.10–1.45) | 8/50 | 0.55 (0.08–4.00) | 13/50 | 0.21 (0.04–1.26) |
| p for trend | 0.44 | 0.47 | 0.18 | |||
| PGD-M | ||||||
| T1 (low) | 16/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 5/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 11/50 | 1.00 (ref) |
| T2 | 22/52 | 1.63 (0.57–4.64) | 8/52 | 1.41 (0.25–7.96) | 14/52 | 1.32 (0.37–4.64) |
| T3 | 12/49 | 0.39 (0.11–1.44) | 5/49 | 0.59 (0.07–4.67) | 7/49 | 0.34 (0.07–1.67) |
| p for trend | 0.99 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |||
| PGI-M | ||||||
| T1 (low) | 10/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 4/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 6/50 | 1.00 (ref) |
| T2 | 10/51 | 0.56 (0.14–2.26) | 2/51 | 0.42 (0.03–5.69) | 8/51 | 0.70 (0.13–3.68) |
| T3 | 30/50 | 1.55 (0.40–6.12) | 12/50 | 1.17 (0.11–12.42) | 18/50 | 1.75 (0.32–9.68) |
| p for trend | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.06 | |||
| 11dTxB2 | ||||||
| T1 (low) | 5/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 2/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 3/50 | 1.00 (ref) |
| T2 | 10/49 | 4.08 (0.86–19.50) | 2/49 | 2.94 (0.20–42.78) | 8/49 | 6.58 (0.91–47.49) |
| T3 | 35/50 | 11.50 (2.34–56.47) | 14/50 | 14.21 (1.08–187.36) | 21/50 | 12.02 (1.56–92.53) |
| p for trend | 0.004 | 0.0005 | 0.009 | |||
| TN-E | ||||||
| T1 (low) | 10/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 5/50 | 1.00 (ref) | 5/50 | 1.00 (ref) |
| T2 | 21/51 | 1.70 (0.49–5.85) | 8/51 | 0.65 (0.10–4.32) | 13/51 | 6.16 (1.00–38.07) |
| T3 | 19/50 | 1.30 (0.31–5.47) | 5/50 | 0.26 (0.03–2.78) | 14/50 | 5.69 (0.73–44.03) |
| p for trend | 0.82 | 0.18 | 0.37 | |||
p for trend was calculated by including the biomarkers as continuous variables in the model.
aMultivariate logistic regression model adjusted for all of the five biomarker levels in tertiles, age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, NSAID use, household income, education, and alcohol drinking status.