Table 2.
Patient characteristics
| Parameters | All patients (n = 588) | LOS>30 days (n = 119) | LOS≤30 days (n = 469) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male/female | 387/201 | 77/42 | 310/159 | 0.42 |
| Age at surgery, years, mean±standard deviation | 49.42±17.03 | 55.82±17.08 | 47.80±16.64 | <0.01* |
| Duration of disease, months, median (range) | 75.93 (0.53–590.4) | 53.56 (0.76–580.3) | 85.63 (0.53–590.4) | 0.15 |
| Severe disease, n (%)a | 208 (35.37) | 60 (50.42) | 148 (31.55) | <0.01* |
| Alb, g/dL, median (range) | 3.4 (0.9–5.2) | 2.7 (0.9–4.9) | 3.6 (1.2–5.2) | <0.01* |
| CRP, mg/dL, median (range) | 0.5 (0–31.33) | 1.35 (0–23.8) | 0.36 (0–31.33) | <0.01* |
| Total lymphocyte count/μL | 1,253 (22.9–8,754.8) | 1,149 (43–3,681) | 1,271.7 (22.9–8,754.8) | |
| BMI≥25, n (%) | 42 (7.14) | 10 (8.4) | 32 (6.82) | 0.33 |
| ASA score ≥3, n (%) | 131 (22.3) | 36 (30.25) | 95 (20.25) | 0.01* |
| Pharmacotherapy | ||||
| Total given PSL dose, mg, median (range) | 3,000 (0–200,000) | 2,087 (0–200,000) | 3,025 (0–150,000) | 0.80 |
| Immunomodulators, n (%) | 204 (34.69) | 37 (31.09) | 167 (35.6) | 0.85 |
| Calcineurin inhibitors, n (%) | 106 (18.03) | 27 (22.68) | 79 (16.84) | 0.09 |
| Janus kinase inhibitors, n (%) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 | 0.38 |
| Biologics, n (%) | 186 (31.63) | 31 (26.05) | 155 (33.04) | 0.94 |
| Surgical indication, n (%) | ||||
| Cancer/dysplasia | 180 (30.61) | 27 (22.69) | 153 (32.62) | 0.02* |
| Refractory | 331 (56.29) | 68 (57.14) | 263 (56.08) | 0.45 |
| Massive bleeding | 40 (6.8) | 12 (10.08) | 28 (5.97) | 0.08 |
| Perforation | 10 (1.7) | 3 (2.52) | 7 (1.49) | 0.32 |
| Urgent/emergent surgery, n (%) | 162 (27.55) | 49 (41.17) | 113 (24.09) | <0.01* |
| Pouch surgery, n (%) | 425 (72.28) | 70 (58.82) | 355 (75.69) | <0.01* |
| APR, n (%) | 72 (12.25) | 23 (19.32) | 49 (10.44) | <0.01* |
| TC with ileostomy, n (%) | 91 (15.47) | 26 (21.84) | 65 (13.85) | 0.02* |
| Laparoscopic surgery, n (%) | 52 (8.84) | 12 (10.08) | 40 (8.52) | 0.35 |
| Operative time, min, median (range) | 221 (53–618) | 224 (105–569) | 220 (53–618) | 0.74 |
| Blood loss, mL, median (range) | 200 (0–5,510) | 215 (10–5,510) | 200 (0–2,140) | <0.01* |
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | 132 (22) | 45 (38.13) | 87 (18.55) | <0.01* |
| CDC grade ≥3 | 109 (18.54) | 61 (51.26) | 58 (48.74) | <0.01* |
| CCI | 20.9 (0–100) | 29.6 (0–100) | 0 (0–100) | <0.01* |
Continuous variables are indicated as the means±standard deviations and medians (ranges).
LOS, length of stay; UC, ulcerative colitis; PSL, prednisolone; CRP, C-reactive protein; Alb, albumin; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; APR, abdominal perineal resection; TC, total colectomy; CCI, comprehensive complication index; CDC, Clavien-Dindo classification.
aSevere disease was assessed primarily according to clinical features using the criteria of Truelove and Witts: 6 or more stools with blood and 1 or more of the following: a hemoglobin level <105 g/L, an ESR >30 mm/h, a fever >37.8°C, or a pulse rate >90/min.
*p < 0.05 (significantly different).