Table 1.
Characteristics of patients on admission
| Characteristics | Severe COVID (n = 23) | Mild COVID (n = 7) | Mild versus Severe COVID | Septic Shock (n = 35) | Sepsis (n = 6) | Sepsis versus Septic Shock |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | p value | |||||
| Age, year, Med [IQR] | 59 [54–64] | 81 [68–86] | 0.008 | 68 [62–74] | 61 [48–77] | 0.555 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 17 (73.9) | 5 (71.4) | 1 | 25 (74) | 3 (11) | 0.361 |
| SAPS II, Med [IQR] | 32 [29–44] | NA | – | 69 [50–85] | 56 [31–82] | 0.086 |
| SOFA inclusion, Med [IQR] | 4 [4–6] | 1 [0–6] | 0.054 | 13 [10–15] | 4 [3–10] | 0.010 |
| Preexisting conditions, n (%) | ||||||
| Chronic hypertension | 11 (47.8) | 5 (71.4) | 0.399 | 28 (80) | 3 (10) | 0.143 |
| Diabetes | 6 (26) | 4 (57.1) | 0.181 | 5 (14) | 2 (33) | 0.268 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1 (4.3) | 0 | 1 | 6 (17.1) | 0 | 0.567 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 0.233 | 3 (8.6) | 2 (33) | 0.148 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 (17.1) | 0 | 0.567 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 (28.6) | 0 | 0.307 |
| Cancer | 1 (4.3) | 1 (14.3) | 0.418 | 11 (31.4) | 1 (16.7) | 0.651 |
| Infection, n (%) | ||||||
| Source of infection | ||||||
| Lung | 23 (100) | 7 (100) | 1 | 18 (51.4) | 3 (50) | 1 |
| Abdominal | – | – | 3 (8.6) | 0 | 1 | |
| Urinary tract | – | – | 8 (22.8) | 3 (50) | 0.316 | |
| Bloodstream infection | – | – | 15 (42.9) | 2 (11.7) | 1 | |
| Nosocomial infection | 5 (21.7) | 0 | 0.304 | 6 (17.1) | 0 | 0.567 |
| Immunosuppression | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 1 |
| Involved bacteria | ||||||
| Cocci gram positive | 5 (14.3) | 1 (16.7) | 1 | |||
| Bacillus gram negative | 20 (57.1) | 4 (66) | 1 | |||
| Organ-support at inclusion | ||||||
| MAP min, mm Hg | 70 [62–81] | NA | 59 [53–64] | 68 [62–78] | 0.028 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mm Hg | 115 [85–135] | NA | 156 [112–232] | 186 [72–390] | 0.875 | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 11 (52.2) | 0 | 0.029 | 26 (74.3) | 2 (33.3) | <0.04 |
| Biological findings, Med [IQR] | ||||||
| Serum lactate, mmol/L | 1.1 [0.8–1.9] | 0.8 [0.7–1] | 0.024 | 3 [1.9–4.7] | 2.2 [1–3.6] | 0.297 |
| Leucocytes count (G/L) | 7.9 [5.7–10.9] | 6.6 [5.3–13.4] | 0.848 | 9.8 [5.3–20.9] | 16.9 [15.5–23.7] | 0.237 |
| Neutrophil count (G/L) | 6.1 [4.5–8.5] | 5.8 [3.8–10.9] | 0.795 | 9.3 [5.9–19.5] | 14.1 [12–21.1] | 0.404 |
| Monocyte count (G/L) | 0.5 [0.3–0.6] | 0.7 [0.3–1] | 0.212 | 0.6 [0.2–1.] | 1 [0.4–1.4] | 0.272 |
| Lymphocyte count (G/L) | 0.9 [0.6–1] | 0.7 [0.5–1.3] | 0.614 | 0.5 [0.4–0.9] | 1 [0.6–1.4] | 0.12 |
| NEUT-SFL (AU) | 51 [47–53] | 49 [49–52] | 0.873 | 65 [55–75] | 48 [48–57] | 0.04 |
| ISTH ≥5, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 (43) | 0 | 0.07 |
| JAAM ≥4, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 (37) | 0 | 0.152 |
| SIC ≥4, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 32 (94) | 4 (66) | <0.03 |
| Outcome, n (%) | ||||||
| Day 7 mortality | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 (14) | 3 (50) | 0.076 |
| In-ICU mortality | 2 (9) | 0 | 1 | 11 (31) | 2 (33) | 0.919 |
| In-hospital mortality | 2 (9) | 0 | 1 | 14 (80) | 3 (50) | 0.679 |
| Day-28 mortality | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 (20) | 3 (50) | 0.143 |
Data are expressed as median (Med) with interquartile range (IQR) and as numbers and percentages for qualitative variables [n (%)]. Fisher exact test was used for qualitative data, and Wilcoxon test for median comparison.
FiO2, Fraction inspired Oxygen; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; ISTH, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis; JAAM, Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; MAP, Mean Arterial Pressure; NA, Not Available; NEUT-SFL, NEUTrophil-Side Fluorescence Light; PaO2, Partial Pressure of Oxygen; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SIC, Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy; SOFA, Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment; yr, year.