Figure 2.

The intersection of inflammation, coagulation, and thrombosis during SIRS. Proinflammatory cytokines and DAMPs propagate the inflammatory response to innate immune cells, the endothelium, and the coagulation system. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are activated and can form NETs at the surface of the activated endothelium. Endothelial injury can expose the underlying subendothelium exposing TF and collagen, which can activate the clotting cascade. Activated platelets play an important role in this inflammatory response where they can cause thrombosis in association with fibrin and vWF at the endothelial surface. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome also causes shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx and activation of fibrinolytic pathways. Diagram was created with Biorender.com.