Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by follow-up status (stays at home or nursing home placement/death).
| All | Stays at home | NHP or death | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | n = 293 | n = 241 | n = 52 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 82.6 (6.3) | 82.19 (6.5) | 84.5 (5.2) | .013 |
| Women, n (%) | 207 (70.6) | 173 (71.8) | 34 (65.4) | .359 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 210 (73.4) | 168 (71.2) | 42 (84.0) | .057 |
| Health | ||||
| Excellent or good self-reported health, n (%) | 73 (24.9) | 64 (26.6) | 9 (17.3) | .196 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.6) | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.9 (2.0) | .058 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 105 (35.8) | 88 (36.5) | 17 (32.7) | .603 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 76 (25.9) | 56 (23.2) | 20 (38.5) | .023 |
| Coronary disease, n (%) | 121 (41.3) | 102 (42.3) | 19 (36.5) | .443 |
| Heart failure n (%) | 100 (34.1) | 80 (33.2) | 20 (38.5) | .468 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 93 (31.7) | 74 (30.7) | 19 (36.5) | .410 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 31 (10.6) | 25 (10.6) | 6 (12.0) | .773 |
| COPD or asthma, n (%) | 47 (16.0) | 38 (15.8) | 9 (17.3) | .784 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 33 (11.2) | 26 (10.8) | 9 (17.3) | .355 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 5 (1.7) | 5 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | .300 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%) | 20 (6.8) | 16 (6.8) | 4 (8.0) | .759 |
| Glomerulal filtration rate <50 ml/min, n (%) | 11 (3.8) | 9 (3.8) | 2 (4.0) | .950 |
| Medication | ||||
| All medicines, mean (SD) | 15.2 (5.1) | 15.3 (5.2) | 15.1 (5.1) | .914 |
| Class D medicine in the Meds75+, n (%) | 73 (24.9) | 62 (25.7) | 11 (21.2) | .434 |
| ≥10 medicines in use, n (%) | 256 (87.4) | 212 (88.0) | 44 (84.6) | .510 |
| Functioning | ||||
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 22.4 (4.6) | 22.8 (4.3) | 20.4 (5.5) | .002 |
| KATZ, mean (SD) | 4.9 (1.3) | 5.0 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.6) | <.001 |
| IADL, mean (SD) | 4.1 (2.1) | 4.3 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.2) | <.001 |
| TUG, second, mean (SD) | 25.8 (20.8) | 24.1 (17.7) | 34.5 (31.6) | .014 |
| GDS-15, mean (SD) | 5.0 (3.1) | 4.8 (3.2) | 5.6 (2.3) | .014 |
NHP: nursing home placement; SD: standard deviation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Meds75+: database of medication for older people; category D: avoid use in older people; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; KATZ: index of independence in activities of daily living; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; TUG: timed up and go test; GDS-15: geriatric depression scale. p-value for statistical significance <.05.