Table 3.
Demographic features and clinical courses of ischemic stroke patients, with and without nephrotic syndrome.
| Large-artery atherosclerosis |
Cardioembolism |
Small-artery occlusion |
Stroke of other determined etiology |
Stroke of undetermined etiology |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NS (n = 43) | No NS (n = 216) | NS (n = 23) | No NS (n = 259) | NS (n = 118) | No NS (n = 419) | NS (n = 11) | No NS (n = 27) | NS (n = 38) | No NS (n = 437) | |
| Age (years) | 60.16 ± 15.39* | 68.59 ± 12.53 | 68.35 ± 10.42* | 76.47 ± 11.49 | 61.03 ± 10.20* | 67.08 ± 12.47 | 36.91 ± 14.69* | 53.93 ± 14.86 | 61.77 ± 13.71* | 69.48 ± 13.50 |
| Male (%) | 25 (58.1%) | 142 (65.7%) | 16 (69.6%) | 135 (52.1%) | 75 (63.6%) | 266 (63.5%) | 6 (54.5%) | 13 (48.1%) | 24 (63.2%) | 277 (63.4%) |
| Smoking | 4 (9.3%) | 34 (15.7%) | 0 (0%) | 28 (10.8%) | 15 (12.7%) | 67 (16.0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11.1%) | 3 (7.9%)† | 86 (19.7%) |
| Hypertension | 38 (88.4%) | 171 (79.2%) | 21 (91.3%)a | 185 (71.4%) | 101 (85.6%) | 341 (81.4%) | 7 (63.6%) | 9 (33.3%) | 29 (76.3%) | 302 (69.1%) |
| DM | 30 (69.8%) | 124 (57.4%) | 7 (30.4%) | 81 (31.3%) | 95 (80.5%)a | 192 (45.8%) | 1 (9.1%) | 8 (29.6%) | 20 (52.6%) | 167 (38.2%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 30 (69.8%) | 143 (66.2%) | 7 (30.4%) | 93 (35.9%) | 82 (69.5%) | 265 (63.2%) | 6 (54.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 25 (65.8%) | 244 (55.8%) |
| CAD | 3 (7.0%) | 23 (10.6%) | 6 (26.1%) | 41 (15.8%) | 19 (16.1%)a | 36 (8.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 7 (18.4%) | 36 (8.9%) |
| CHF | 8 (18.6%)a | 5 (2.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 47 (18.1%) | 12 (10.2%)a | 9 (2.1%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (3.7%) | 5 (13.2%)† | 19 (4.3%) |
| Previous TIA | 2 (4.7%) | 8 (3.7%) | 2 (8.7%) | 9 (3.5%) | 9 (7.6%)a | 10 (2.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (2.6%) | 17 (3.9%) |
| Hyperuricemia | 10 (23.3%)a | 18 (8.3%) | 8 (34.8%)a | 29 (11.2%) | 14 (11.9%) | 46 (11.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | 2 (7.4%) | 6 (15.8%) | 45 (10.3%) |
| PAOD | 3 (7.0%) | 4 (1.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | 7 (2.7%) | 4 (3.4%)a | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (0.9%) |
| SLE | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (54.5%)a | 2 (7.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Clinical syndromes | ||||||||||
| TACS | 8 (18.6%) | 50 (23.1%) | 6 (26.1%) | 111 (42.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 37 (8.5%) |
| PACS | 13 (30.2%) | 78 (36.1%) | 7 (30.4%) | 96 (37.1%) | 19 (16.1%)a | 5 (1.2%) | 8 (72.7%) | 14 (51.9%) | 20 (52.6%) | 224 (51.3%) |
| LACS | 8 (18.6%) | 24 (11.1%) | 4 (17.4%) | 21 (8.1%) | 72 (61.0%)a | 372 (88.8%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11.1%) | 7 (18.4%) | 95 (21.7%) |
| POCS | 14 (32.6%) | 63 (29.2%) | 6 (26.1%) | 30 (11.6%) | 27 (22.9%)a | 39 (9.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | 6 (22.2%) | 10 (26.3%) | 79 (18.1%) |
NS: nephrotic syndrome; DM: diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; TIA: transient ischemic attack; PAOD: peripheral arterial occlusive disease; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TACS: total anterior circulation syndrome; PACS: partial anterior circulation syndrome; LACS: lacunar syndrome; POCS: posterior circulation syndrome.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
*
p < 0.05, Student t test.
a
p < 0.05, Chi-square test.