Table 5.
Treatment, complication and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke patients, with and without nephrotic syndrome.
| Large-artery atherosclerosis |
Cardioembolism |
Small-artery occlusion |
Stroke of other determined etiology |
Stroke of undetermined etiology |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NS (n = 43) | No NS (n = 216) | NS (n = 23) | No NS (n = 259) | NS (n = 118) | No NS (n = 419) | NS (n = 11) | No NS (n = 27) | NS (n = 38) | No NS (n = 437) | ||
| Treatment | |||||||||||
| Aspirin | 25 (58.1%) | 130 (60.2%) | 10 (43.5%)† | 54 (20.8%) | 82 (69.5%)a | 357 (85.2%) | 5 (45.5%) | 16 (59.3%) | 23 (60.5%) | 292 (66.8%) | |
| NOACs | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (4.3%)a | 128 (49.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (2.5%) | |
| Statins | 17 (39.5%)a | 118 (54.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 74 (28.6%) | 44 (37.3%)a | 209 (49.9%) | 2 (18.2%) | 7 (25.9%) | 15 (39.5%) | 185 (42.3%) | |
| Heparin in acute stage | 4 (9.3%) | 12 (5.6%) | 1 (4.3%) | 3 (1.2%) | 4 (3.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (2.1%) | |
| Length of stay in acute care unit (days) | 18.81 ± 16.59 | 16.30 ± 11.01 | 22.74 ± 19.34 | 17.72 ± 12.99 | 11.02 ± 8.44* | 8.17 ± 4.25 | 20.00 ± 12.58 | 14.33 ± 9.24 | 15.15 ± 9.12 | 14.41 ± 9.90 | |
| Stroke in evolution | 10 (23.3%) | 61 (28.2%) | 5 (21.7%) | 56 (21.6%) | 7 (5.9%)a | 7 (1.7%) | 3 (27.3%) | 6 (22.2%) | 4 (10.5%) | 51 (11.7%) | |
| Complication at admission | |||||||||||
| Pneumonia | 12 (27.9%) | 61 (28.2%) | 5 (21.7%) | 96 (37.1%) | 11 (9.3%)a | 15 (3.6%) | 1 (9.1%) | 5 (18.5%) | 11 (28.9%) | 71 (16.2%) | |
| Other infection | 7 (16.3%)a | 11 (5.1%) | 1 (4.3%) | 20 (7.7%) | 5 (4.2%) | 12 (2.9%) | 1 (9.1%) | 3 (11.1%) | 3 (7.9%) | 20 (4.6%) | |
| GI bleeding | 5 (11.6%) | 31 (14.4%) | 2 (8.7%) | 52 (20.1%) | 5 (4.2%)a | 5 (1.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | 3 (11.1%) | 8 (21.1%)† | 42 (9.6%) | |
| Pulmonary edema | 4 (9.3%)a | 4 (1.9%) | 3 (13%) | 16 (6.2%) | 4 (3.4%)a | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | 2 (5.3%) | 4 (0.9%) | |
| Outcomes | |||||||||||
| Death within 30 days | 4 (9.3%) | 18 (8.3%) | 1 (4.3%) | 27 (10.4%) | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (22.2%) | 1 (2.6%) | 12 (2.7%) | |
| Recurrent stroke within 30 days | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.5%) | |
| mRS score≧3 | 33 (76.7%)a | 133 (61.6%) | 18 (78.3%) | 182 (70.3%) | 68 (57.6%)ab | 67 (16.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | 12 (44.4%) | 30 (78.9%)†‡ | 242 (55.4%) | |
| OR (95% CI) | 2.04 (0.95–4.35) a | 1.50 (0.54–4.20) | 6.98 (4.45–10.95)a | 0.47 (0.10–2.16) | 2.66 (1.23-5.73)† | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.41 (0.50–3.94) | 8.02 (3.94–16.32)b | 2.47 (1.06-5.76)‡ | ||||||||
NS: nephrotic syndrome; NOACs: non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; GI: gastrointestinal; mRS: modified Rankin scale; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
*
p < 0.05, Student t test;
a
p < 0.05, Chi-square test;
b
p < 0.05, adjusted P value using multivariate logistic regression analysis.