Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of sample at baseline (N = 144).
| Characteristic | Percentage/M (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 74.0 (8.4) | ||
| Male | 45.1% | ||
| Black | 34.0% | ||
| Latinx | 17.4% | ||
| Other race/ethnicity | 2.1% | ||
| White | 45.5% | ||
| No high school diploma | 34.0% | ||
| High school diploma | 53.5% | ||
| Bachelor's degree | 12.5% | ||
| Widowed | 27.8% | ||
| Married | 33.3% | ||
| Divorced/separated | 28.5% | ||
| Never married | 10.4% | ||
| Smoker | 13.2% | ||
| Nonsmoker | 68.0% | ||
| Smoking missing | 18.8% | ||
| Mild hearing loss | 37.5% | ||
| Moderate/severe hearing loss | 31.9% | ||
|
Medical chart review | |||
|
Year 1
(N = 144) |
Year 2
(N = 132) |
Year 3
(N = 108) |
|
|
Cognitive impairment |
54.2% |
52.3% |
57.4% |
| Frailty | 4.2% | 6.1% | 7.4% |
| Heart disease | 41.7% | 41.7% | 36.1% |
| Atherosclerosis | 35.4% | 35.6% | 34.3% |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9.7% | 10.6% | 18.5% |
| Hypertension | 54.9% | 50.0% | 50.9% |
| Diabetes | 56.3% | 54.6% | 58.3% |
| Depression | 62.5% | 62.9% | 67.6% |
| Living in a nursing home | 19.4% | 25.8% | 28.7% |
| Number of falls | |||
| 0 | 64.6% | 67.4% | 59.3% |
| 1 | 16.0% | 15.2% | 22.2% |
| 2 | 9.0% | 9.9% | 9.3% |
| 3 | 2.8% | 2.3% | 0.9% |
| 4 | 4.9% | 2.3% | 3.7% |
| 5 or more | 2.8% | 3.0% | 4.6% |
| Number of ED visits | |||
| 0 | 72.2% | 79.6% | 75.9% |
| 1 | 18.1% | 13.6% | 13.9% |
| 2 | 4.9% | 5.3% | 8.3% |
| 3 or more | 4.8% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| Number of hospital admissions | |||
| 0 | 79.2% | 75.8% | 84.3% |
| 1 | 16.7% | 14.4% | 9.3% |
| 2 or more | 4.2% | 9.8% | 6.5% |
Note. ED = emergency department.