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. 2024 Apr 8;10:167. doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-01939-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Representative western blotting of TM and α-syn in the PC12 cells treated with TM plasmid (TM). b Densitometry analysis of TM and α-syn in (a). n = 3 represents three independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM, and an unpaired t test with two-tailed was used for statistical analysis. c Representative confocal images of TM (green) and α-syn (green) in the primary neurons (DIV10, left panel: red; right panel: yellow) treated with lentiviral carrying TM plasmid or Vector plasmid for 72 h. Scale bar represents 10 μm. d The fluorescent area of TM and α-syn in (c) was quantified by IpWin32 software. n = 3 represents three independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM, and an unpaired t test with two-tailed was used for statistical analysis. e The levels of α-syn in primary neurons (DIV10) treated with TM or Vector was determined by ELISA. n = 3 represents three independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM, and an unpaired t test with two-tailed was used for statistical analysis. f Representative western blotting of TM and α-syn in the primary neurons treated with TM plasmid (TM). g Densitometry analysis of TM and α-syn in (f). n = 3 represents three independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM, and an unpaired t test with two-tailed was used for statistical analysis. h The levels of TM, RAGE, t-Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, t-c-Jun, p-c-Jun and α-syn in primary neurons with TM overexpression were analyzed by western blotting. β-actin was used as a control. i Relative levels of TM, RAGE, t-Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, t-c-Jun, p-c-Jun and α-syn in (h) were quantified using Image J software. n = 3 represents three independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM, and a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. j The mRNA levels of THBD, RAGE, Erk1/2, c-Jun and SNCA (encodes α-syn) in primary neurons with TM overexpression or control were detected by qPCR. n = 3 represents three independent experiments. Data are mean ± SEM, and a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns, not significant.