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. 2024 Apr 8;10:167. doi: 10.1038/s41420-024-01939-y

Fig. 8. TM reduces the levels of oxidative stress, attenuates gliosis and neuroinflammation in the brains of A53T α-syn mice.

Fig. 8

a–c Oxidative stress related indexes GSH (a), GSSG (b) and SOD (c) in striatum of mice treated with TM were analyzed by oxidative stress detection kit. n = 5 mice per group. Data are mean ± SEM, and a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. d Representative images of Nox2 in brainstem of mouse brains treated with TM. Scale bar: 100 μm. Detail Scale bar: 20 μm. e The area of Nox2 in brainstem of mouse brains in (d) was quantified using IpWin32 software. n = 7 mice per group. Data are mean ± SEM, and a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. f, h Representative images of microglia (f) and astrocyte (h) in brainstem of mice with or without TM were detected by anti-Iba-1 and anti-GFAP antibodies, respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm. Detail scale bar: 20 μm. g, i Quantification of the area of Iba-1 positive microglia (f) and GFAP positive astrocyte (h) in brainstem of mice by IpWin32 software. n = 7 mice per group. Data are mean ± SEM, and a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test, or an unpaired t test with two-tailed was used for statistical analysis. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns not significant.