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. 2024 Mar 26;15:1370511. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370511

Figure 5.

Figure 5

SP-A inhibits SARS-CoV-2 (Delta) infectivity in A549-ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 was pre-incubated with increasing concentrations of SP-A before inoculating A549-ACE2. Cell culture media and cells were collected and used for RT-qPCR, western blot, and plaque assays. (A): Significant decrease in viral RNA levels in A549-ACE2 cells treated with or without SP-A and expressed as fold change in CT values relative to control (0 μg/ml) 24h hpi. (B): Western blots of SARS-CoV-2 N expressions in cell lysates treated with increasing concentrations of SP-A (C): Relative viral N protein levels in A549-ACE2 cell lysate normalized to β-actin. (D): Visible plaques on Vero E6 cells infected with or without (0 μg/ml) SP-A. (E): Dose-dependent decrease in virus titer with increasing SP-A concentrations. Values represent mean ± S.E. **P<0.01, compared to the control sample (0 μg/ml) and #<0.05, ##<0.01 when compared between two concentrations (n= 3).