Figure 8.

A diagram of SP-A interaction with S protein and human ACE2 receptor resulting in a significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can be recognized by human SP-A resulting in viral particle aggregations and reduced interactions of virus and host cell ACE2 receptors. Human SP-A also directly interacts with the human ACE2 receptor, reducing binding of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to hACE2, and subsequently diminishing viral entry and infectivity in susceptible host cells.