Table 3.
The comparison baseline of high-risk and non-high-risk participants in the COPD primary healthcare cohort study
| Characteristics | High-risk participants n=43 279 |
Non-high-risk participants n=118 984 |
Proportion of high-risk participants* | t/χ2 | P value† |
| Sex, n (%) | 126 346.7 | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 30 758 (71.1) | 58 056 (48.8) | 34.6% | ||
| Female | 12 521 (28.9) | 60 928 (51.2) | 17.0% | ||
| Age groups, n (%) | 37 239.9 | <0.001 | |||
| 18–29 | 167 (0.39) | 8324 (7.0) | 2.0% | ||
| 30–39 | 205 (0.47) | 15 041 (12.6) | 1.3% | ||
| 40–49 | 663 (1.53) | 20 180 (17.0) | 3.2% | ||
| 50–59 | 5221 (12.06) | 32 040 (26.9) | 14.0% | ||
| 60–69 | 12 748 (29.46) | 24 779 (20.8) | 34.0% | ||
| 70~ | 24 275 (56.09) | 18 620 (15.6) | 56.6% | ||
| Smoking exposure, pack-years, n (%) | 30 020.5 | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 18 356 (42.41) | 92 948 (78.1) | 16.5% | ||
| 1–14.9 | 6072 (14.03) | 15 837 (13.3) | 27.7% | ||
| 15–29.9 | 7355 (16.99) | 6832 (5.7) | 51.8% | ||
| 30~ | 11 496 (26.56) | 3367 (2.8) | 77.3% | ||
| BMI,‡ n (%) | 7439.6 | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight | 3763 (8.69) | 2829 (2.4) | 57.1% | ||
| Normal weight | 27 299 (63.08) | 58 117 (48.8) | 32.0% | ||
| Overweight | 9494 (21.94) | 44 412 (37.3) | 17.6% | ||
| Obesity | 2723 (6.29) | 13 626 (11.5) | 16.7% | ||
| Respiratory symptom, n (%) | |||||
| Chronic cough | 49 645.5 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 25 839 (59.70) | 9570 (8.0) | 73.0% | ||
| No | 17 440 (40.30) | 109 414 (92.0) | 13.7% | ||
| Dyspnoea | 48 035.5 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 33 706 (77.88) | 22 898 (19.2) | 59.5% | ||
| No | 9573 (22.12) | 96 086 (80.8) | 9.1% | ||
| Household biofuel exposure, n (%) | 11 967.9 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 10 763 (24.87) | 6857 (5.8) | 61.1% | ||
| No | 32 516 (75.13) | 112 127 (94.2) | 22.5% | ||
| Family history of respiratory diseases, n (%) | 7856.7 | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 9689 (22.39) | 5454 (4.6) | 64.0% | ||
| No | 33 590 (77.61) | 85 394 (95.4) | 28.2% | ||
| Urbanisation, n (%) | 493.9 | <0.001 | |||
| City | 30 450 (70.4) | 90 196 (75.8) | 25.2% | ||
| Rural | 12 829 (29.6) | 28 788 (24.2) | 30.8% |
Notes: values are mean (SD) or n (%).
Collected during November 2021 and March 2023.
*The numbers below are presented as the row per cent.
†P values are based on χ2 test for categorical variables.
‡Underweight is defned as BMI<18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2 as normal weight, 24 kg/m2 ≤BMI<28 kg/m2 as overweight and BMI≥28 kg/m2 as obesity.
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.