Table 3. Included studies (in alphabetical order based on first author’s name).

	First Author	Title and DOI	Year	Country	Study Area/Population	Study Design	Remarks
1.	Adams, P.	Ethical issues in research involving minority populations: The process and outcomes of protocol review by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-14-33	2013	Thailand	Research with minority populations including migrants	Quantitative and qualitative analysis of submitted research proposals	Ethical issues in research with minority population
2.	Cheah, P. Y.	Community engagement on the Thai-Burmese border: Rationale, experience and lessons learnt. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.inhe.2010.02.001	2010	Thailand	T-CAB at SMRU	Descriptive study	Experience, lessons learnt and the unique challenges faced working with CAB
3.	Chin, C.	Precarious Work and its Complicit Network: Migrant Labour in Singapore https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2019.1572209	2019	Singapore	Migrant care workers and construction workers	Narrative review	Introduced the concept of precarity and complicity in migrant workers.
4.	Ditton, M. J.	The Control of Foreigners as Researchers in Thailand. https://doi.org/10.1525/jer.2009.4.3.49	2009	Thailand	Migrants at Thai- Myanmar border	Commentary	Challenges faced when conducting research with migrants.
5.	Dutta, M. J.	COVID-19, Authoritarian Neoliberalism, and Precarious Migrant Work in Singapore: Structural Violence and Communicative Inequality https://www.frontiersin.org/ articles/10.3389/fcomm.2020.00058	2020	Singapore	South Asian migrant workers in Singapore	Qualitative Research	Low-wage contract-based workers perform ‘hyper- precarious’ work, and how a lack of infrastructures for living and communication contributed to structural violence.
6.	Freeman, T	At the limits of “capability”: The sexual and reproductive health of women migrant workers in Malaysia https://doi. org/10.1111/1467-9566.13323	2021	Malaysia	Women migrant workers and stakeholders including health-care providers, unions, NGOs, employers and relevant government departments	Qualitative study	Conceptualisation of capability approach and application to migrant’s women access to sexual reproductive health.
7.	Jecker, N. S.	Justice and global care chains: Lessons from Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12213	2019	Singapore	Migrant care workers	Qualitative study	Utilised the human capability approach to identify ways the capabilities were not upheld.
8.	Khirikoekkong, N.	Research ethics in context: Understanding the vulnerabilities, agency and resourcefulness of research participants living along the Thai–Myanmar border. https:// doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa052	2020	Thailand	Pregnant migrant women along Thai-Myanmar border	Qualitative study	Explored vulnerabilities and agency of clinical trial’s pregnant research participants
9.	Khirikoekkong, N	Culturally responsive research ethics: How the socio-ethical norms of Arr-nar/Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai-Myanmar border. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(5), e0001875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001875	2023	Thailand	community advisory board members, healthcare workers from the same clinic, or researchers st SMRU	Qualitative study	Identified how socio- ethical norms of Arr-nar/ Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai- Myanmar border
10.	Maung Lwin, K	Motivations and perceptions of community advisory boards in the ethics of medical research: The case of the Thai-Myanmar border https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-15-12	2014	Thailand	T-CAB at SMRU	Qualitative study	Identified considerations relevant to the development of an approach to evaluating community engagement in complex research setting
11.	Parker, M. J	Moral and scientific boundaries: Research ethics on the Thai–Burma border. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics- 2012-100582	2012	Thailand	Research with migrants at Thai-Myanmar border	Commentary	Overview of issues in research ethics.
12.	Pratt, B	Closing the translation gap for justice requirements in international research. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics- 2011-100301	2012	Thailand	Karen and Myanmar refugees and migrants.	Case study qualitative research - in-depth interviews with trial stakeholders, direct observation at trial sites and analysis of trial- related documents	Empirical bioethics research to investigate if research at SMRU upholds obligations of justice in international research.
13.	Pratt, B	Linking international clinical research with stateless populations to justice in global health. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-15-49	2014
14.	Pratt, B	Exploitation and community engagement: Can Community Advisory Boards successfully assume a role minimising exploitation in international research? https://doi. org/10.1111/dewb.12031	2015	Thailand	T-CAB at SMRU	Qualitative research - in- depth interview, direct observation, and document analysis	Used a case study approach to determine if members of T-CAB are able to safeguard communities from exploitation from research.
15.	Schaefer, G. O.	Zero COVID and health inequities: Lessons from Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2022-108205	2022	Singapore	Migrant workers	Commentary	Public health strategy and ethics
16.	Tam, WJ	健康是本钱 - Health is my capital: a qualitative study of access to healthcare by Chinese migrants in Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0567-1	2017	Singapore	Chinese migrant workers	Qualitative study	Descriptive study of migrants’ vulnerability through their migration journey
17.	Voo, T	Ethical medical repatriation of guest workers: Criteria and challenges. https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12286	2021	Singapore	Migrant worker with non- work-related injury	Case study	Normative analysis of ethics of medical repatriation
18.	Yea, S.	The produced injured: Locating workplace accidents amongst precarious migrant workmen in Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114948	2022	Singapore	Migrant workmen men who were out-of-work due to an injury or salary/labour problems with their employer in Singapore	Qualitative study	High injury rates are caused by migrants' structural and economic vulnerabilities.