Table 3.

Genes in the chloroplast genome of Caragana species

Category	Group of genes	Name of genes
Self-replication	Proteins of large ribosomal subunit	rpl14, rpl16*, rpl2*, rpl20, rpl23, rpl32, rpl33, rpl36
	Proteins of small ribosomal subunit	rps11, rps12*, rps14, rps15, rps18, rps19, rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7, rps8
	Subunits of RNA polymerase	rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1*, rpoC2
	Ribosomal RNAs	rrn16, rrn23, rrn4.5, rrn5
	Transfer RNAs	trnA-UGC*, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC, trnG-UCC*, trnH-GUG, trnI-CAU, trnI-GAU*, trnK-UUU*, trnL-CAA*, trnL-UAA, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU, trnN-GUU(2), trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG, trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-GGU, trnT-UGU, trnV-GAC, trnV-UAC*, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA, trnfM-CAU
Photosynthesis	Subunits of photosystem I	psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ
	Subunits of photosystem II	psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ
	Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase	ndhA*, ndhB*, ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhH, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK
	Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex	petA, petB*, petD*, petG, petL, petN
	Subunits of ATP synthase	atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF*, atpH, atpI
	Large subunit of rubisco	rbcL
Other genes	Maturase	matK
	Protease	clpP** (*)
	Envelope membrane protein	cemA
	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase	accD
	c-type cytochrome synthesis gene	ccsA
Unknown	Conserved hypothetical chloroplast ORF	ycf1, ycf2, ycf3**, ycf4

Gene*: Gene with one introns; Gene**: Gene with two introns; Gene (2): Number of copies of multi-copy genes. (*): Gene with one introns in C. turkestanica