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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 9.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 Apr 28;248:109894. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109894

Table 3.

Multivariate logistic regression results examining the association between perceived racial discrimination and polysubstance use (N = 4145).

Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
OR (95% C.I.) P-value AOR (95% C.I.) P-value AOR (95% C.I.) P-value
Experienced perceived racial discrimination (Never)
 Rarely 1.72 (1.20–2.46) 0.004 1.66 (1.18–2.35) 0.005 1.20 (0.84–1.73) 0.313
 Sometimes/Most of the time/Always 2.84 (1.97–4.09) <0.001 2.70 (1.84–3.97) <0.001 1.52 (1.01–2.30) 0.044
Age in years 1.39 (1.17–1.65) <0.001 1.47 (1.24–1.75) <0.001
Sex (Male)
 Female 1.33 (0.95–1.84) 0.092 1.08 (0.77–1.52) 0.649
Sexual identity (Straight)
 Lesbian/gay 2.41 (1.04–5.58) 0.041 1.92 (0.84–4.36) 0.116
 Bisexual 2.11 (1.36–3.29) 0.001 1.34 (0.87–2.07) 0.175
 Questioning 1.06 (0.60–1.87) 0.842 0.83 (0.46–1.52) 0.541
Race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black)
 Hispanic 1.17 (0.74–1.85) 0.505 1.06 (0.66–1.69) 0.817
 Asian 0.40 (0.18–0.87) 0.023 0.39 (0.17–0.87) 0.024
 AI/NH/PI 1.71 (0.71–4.09) 0.222 1.42 (0.55–3.68) 0.468
 Other 1.47 (0.84–2.60) 0.175 1.29 (0.72–2.30) 0.385
Victim of cyberbullying (No)
 Yes 2.06 (1.34–3.19) 0.002
Symptoms of depression (No)
 Yes 2.28 (1.52–3.41) <0.001
Food insecurity during COVID-19 (No)
 Yes 1.18 (0.81–1.71) 0.384
Physical abuse by a parent during COVID-19 (No)
 Yes 1.35 (0.84–2.15) 0.206
Emotional abuse by a parent during COVID-19 (No)
 Yes 2.08 (1.42–3.05) <0.001
Did not feel connected to others at school during COVID-19 (No)
 Yes 0.94 (0.70–1.28) 0.707