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Comparison of the “weight” of selective pressure for atrazine, a herbicide, at the top right and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at the top left. Atrazine metabolism yields 5 nitrogen atoms for ammonia, 5 reduced carbon atoms to generate cell metabolites and ATP. Chloride anion is non‐toxic. PFOA contains carbon at the oxidation state of carbon monoxide, no other nutrient atoms, and would require many steps to remove 15 fluoride anions, and fluoride anion is highly toxic to cells.
