Table 2.
Pooled multinomial logistic regression models for changes in BMI categories* between 2010 and 2016 periods (Interaction**).
| Sociodemographic factors | Underweight at 2016 | Overweight at 2016 | Obesity at 2016 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interaction terms with year of survey | OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | ||||
| Age group | 18–34 (2010) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| 35–49 (2016) | 1.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 0.9 | |
| 50–64 (2016) | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.4 | |
| 65 and over (2016) | 1.6 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.7 | |
| Gender | Male (2010) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Female (2016) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.7 | |
| Ethnicity | Chinese (2010) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Malay (2016) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 0.02 | |
| Indian (2016) | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 0.03 | |
| Others (2016) | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | |
| Marital status | Never married (2010) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Married (2016) | 1.2 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.4 | |
| Divorced/separated (2016) | 1.6 | 0.6 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.8 | |
| Widowed (2016) | 1.3 | 0.3 | 5.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.3 | |
| Education | University (2010) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Primary and below (2016) | 2.0 | 0.7 | 5.8 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.3 | |
| Secondary (2016) | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | |
| Pre-Uni./Junior College (2016) | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.01 | |
| Diploma (2016) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.07 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | |
| Vocational (2016) | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 0.76 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 0.02 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 0.5 | |
| Employment | Economically inactive (2010) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Employed (2016) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.8 | |
| Unemployed (2016) | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.7 | |
*BMI reference, normal weight range. **Odds ratio were estimated using a series of pool multinomial logistic regression by adding interaction terms between each sociodemographic variable and year of survey.