Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis.
| Total (n = 80) | Death group (n = 36) | Survival group (n = 44) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptomatology, n (%) | ||||
| Fever (T ≥ 38.5 °C) | 75 (93.8) | 35 (97.2) | 40 (90.9) | 0.486 |
| Positive meningeal irritation | 50 (62.5) | 25 (69.4) | 25 (56.8) | 0.246 |
| GCS scores ≤8 | 48 (60.0) | 27 (75.0) | 21 (47.7) | 0.013 |
| CSF indicators | ||||
| RBC count (10^9/L) | 3.5 (1.0, 17.0) | 4.0 (1.0, 12.0) | 2.5 (0.0, 23.3) | 0.505 |
| WBC count (10^6/L) | 3973.0 (696.8, 17304.5) | 6373.0 (1018.0, 22451.0) | 3013.0 (505.0, 10923.5) | 0.078 |
| Polykaryocyte count (10^6/L) | 3302.4 (560.5, 15545.0) | 5587.0 (849.0, 21661.0) | 2696.5 (362.5, 7853.8) | 0.037 |
| Protein level (g/L) | 5.4 (2.7, 15.0) | 11.2 (3.2, 19.2) | 4.2 (2.2, 6.9) | 0.010 |
| Blood indicators | ||||
| Leukocyte count (10^9/L) | 12.7 (9.0, 17.0) | 15.3 (9.7, 20.6) | 11.1 (8.9, 14.2) | 0.036 |
| Hb (g/L) | 104.0 (90.0, 116.8) | 101.0 (84.0, 111.0) | 110.5 (92.8, 133.8) | 0.004 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 96.9 (45.3, 188.4) | 119.6 (64.9, 200.0) | 67.3 (30.9, 132.5) | 0.002 |
| PCT (μg/L) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.9) | 2.2 (0.7, 4.2) | 0.7 (0.3, 2.2) | 0.017 |
| PA (mg/L) | 110.0 (83.3, 160.0) | 81.0 (56.25, 117.5) | 120.5 (103.3, 175.3) | < 0.001 |
| CSF/blood indicators | ||||
| Chloride ratio | 1.11 ± 0.10 | 1.08 ± 0.11 | 1.14 ± 0.09 | 0.034 |
| Glucose ratio | 0.20 (0.15, 0.41) | 0.20 (0.13, 0.24) | 0.22 (0.15, 0.43) | 0.195 |
| Composite indicators | ||||
| PLR | 266.0 (152.5, 385.6) | 303.9 (160.5, 447.4) | 227.0 (143.9, 332.7) | 0.170 |
| NLR | 11.8 (7.3, 18.2) | 13.0 (9.9, 21.6) | 9.4 (5.4, 15.4) | 0.005 |
| CRP/PA | 0.91 (0.38, 1.71) | 1.63 (0.81, 2.25) | 0.51 (0.22, 1.07) | < 0.001 |
| Extra infections, n (%) | ||||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 50 (62.5) | 28 (77.8) | 22 (50.0) | 0.011 |
| Sputum culture with KP | 41 (51.3) | 25 (69.4) | 16 (36.4) | 0.003 |
| Other bacteria of CSF culture | 26 (32.5) | 8 (22.2) | 18 (40.9) | 0.076 |
| Surgical incision infection | 11 (13.8) | 7 (19.4) | 4 (9.1) | 0.312 |
| Blood culture with KP | 8 (10.0) | 6 (16.7) | 2 (4.5) | 0.155 |
| Complications, n (%) | ||||
| Hydrocephalus | 21 (26.3) | 8 (22.2) | 13 (29.5) | 0.459 |
| Epilepsy | 10 (12.5) | 4 (11.1) | 6 (13.6) | 1.000 |
| Septic shock | 8 (10.0) | 7 (19.4) | 1 (2.3) | 0.030 |
| Subdural empyema | 6 (7.5) | 4 (11.1) | 2 (4.5) | 0.495 |
| Brain abscess | 5 (6.3) | 5 (13.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.016 |
| Cerebral hernia | 5 (6.3) | 4 (11.1) | 1 (2.3) | 0.246 |
| Treatments, n (%) | ||||
| Adequate empirical antibiotic therapy | 44 (55.0) | 15 (41.7) | 29 (65.9) | 0.030 |
| Intrathecal injection | 6 (7.5) | 4 (11.1) | 2 (4.5) | 0.495 |
| Hospital conditions | ||||
| Healthcare-associated meningitis, n (%) | 74 (92.5) | 36 (100.0) | 38 (86.4) | 0.030 |
| Length of stay (days) | 24.5 (13.3, 42.0) | 18.0 (10.0, 29.0) | 33.0 (17.3, 49.8) | < 0.001 |
| ICU stay (days) | 6.0 (1.0, 18.0) | 10.0 (2.0, 19.0) | 2.5 (0.0, 15.8) | 0.026 |
| mRS score at discharge | 3.5 (2, 4) | – | 3.5 (2, 4) | – |
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; RBC, red blood cell count; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; PA, prealbumin; PLR, platelets -to-lymphocyte ratio; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CRP/PA, C-reactive protein-to-prealbumin ratio; KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; ICU, intensive care unit; mRS, modified Rankin Scale.