Table 1.
Table of baseline demographic and echocardiographic characteristics
| New England (Yale-New Haven Health) | California | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derivation | Geographically distinct testing #1 | Temporally distinct testing | Geographically distinct testing #2 | ||
| Number of patients | 5749 | 3069 | 2034 | 3923 | |
| Number of echo studies | 6185 | 3072 | 2040 | 4226 | |
| Number of studies per patient, n (%) | 1 | 5367 (93.3) | 3066 (99.9) | 2028 (99.7) | 3677 (93.7) |
| 2 | 336 (5.8) | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.3) | 201 (5.1) | |
| 3 or more | 46 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 45 (1.1) | |
| Study location | YNHH | BH, GH, LMH, WH | YNHH, BH, GH, LMH, WH | CSMC | |
| Year of study | 2016–2020 | 2016–2020 | 2021 | 2018–2019 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 69.9 (15.7) | 66.7 (16.6) | 65.7 (16.4) | 65.2 (17.3) | |
| Gender, n (% a ) | Female | 2992 (48.4) | 1581 (51.5) | 997 (48.9) | 1852 (43.8) |
| Male | 3194 (51.6) | 1491 (48.5) | 1043 (51.1) | 2374 (56.2) | |
| Race & Ethnicity, n (% a ) | Asian | 67 (1.2) | 45 (1.7) | 40 (2.2) | 329 (7.8) |
| Black | 503 (9.0) | 381 (14.3) | 200 (11.1) | 600 (14.2) | |
| Hispanic | 364 (6.5) | 347 (13.0) | 158 (8.8) | 479 (11.3) | |
| Other | 249 (4.4) | 317 (11.9) | 133 (7.4) | 308 (7.3) | |
| Unknown | 221 (3.9) | 23 (0.9) | 63 (3.5) | 111 (2.6) | |
| White | 4575 (81.5) | 1904 (71.3) | 1359 (75.7) | 2399 (56.8) | |
| LVIDd Index (cm/m2), mean (SD) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.6) | |
| RVSP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 32.5 (13.3) | 32.2 (14.4) | 29.8 (12.0) | 31.6 (14.2) | |
| EF (%), mean (SD) | 59.5 (10.8) | 59.3 (11.4) | 59.1 (10.2) | 57.5 (14.9) | |
| AVA by VTI (cm2), mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.1 (0.9) | 1.9 (1.4) | |
| AV mean gradient (mmHg), mean (SD) | 23.2 (18.2) | 8.7 (9.3) | 9.0 (9.4) | 10.9 (11.4) | |
| AV peak velocity (m/s), mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.3) | 1.6 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.9) | |
| Patients with severe AS, n (%) | 1213 (21.1) | 47 (1.5) | 20 (1.0) | 65 (1.5) | |
| Studies with severe AS, n (%) | 1427 (23.1) | 47 (1.5) | 20 (1.0) | 65 (1.5) | |
Since splits were made at the study level, distinct studies from n = 9 patients contributed to both the ‘Geographically distinct testing #1’ and ‘Temporally distinct testing set’ cohorts. Similarly, distinct studies from n = 53 patients were including in both the derivation set and the ‘Temporally distinct testing set.’
AV, aortic valve; BH, Bridgeport Hospital; CSMC, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; EF, ejection fraction; GH, Greenwich Hospital; LAD, left atrium; LMH, Lawrence & Memorial Hospital; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; SD, standard deviation; VTI, velocity time integral; WH, Westerly Hospital; YNHH, Yale-New Haven Hospital.
aPercentages represent valid percentages after excluding cases with missing information.